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| Arctic and Northern Policy Framework | |
|---|---|
| Name | Arctic and Northern Policy Framework |
| Jurisdiction | Canada |
| Adopted | 2019 |
| Minister | Justin Trudeau |
| Region | Arctic; Northern Canada |
| Related | Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon |
Arctic and Northern Policy Framework is Canada's overarching policy instrument introduced in 2019 to guide federal engagement with northern regions and communities. It articulates priorities intended to coordinate federal departments such as Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Indigenous Services Canada, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada and to align with territorial governments in Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and Yukon. The Framework situates Canadian northern policy within international contexts including the Arctic Council, the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and global agreements like the Paris Agreement.
The Framework emerged amid evolving conditions influenced by actors and events such as Climate change in the Arctic, increased interest from states like Russia, China, and United States, and multilateral fora exemplified by the Arctic Council and the Barents Euro-Arctic Council. It builds on antecedents including the Northern Strategy (Canada), the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami advocacy. Objectives include advancing social determinants highlighted by bodies like World Health Organization and Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (historical), protecting ecosystems referenced in the Convention on Biological Diversity, and asserting jurisdiction consonant with precedents such as the Delimitation Convention and rulings involving the Supreme Court of Canada.
Implementation relies on coordination among federal institutions including Department of National Defence (Canada), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Transport Canada, Global Affairs Canada, and Crown corporations like Parks Canada and Canada Infrastructure Bank. Territorial partners include the governments of Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut plus Indigenous institutions such as Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Kitikmeot Inuit Association, Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, and Métis National Council. The Framework references legislative and judicial touchstones like the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Indian Act, and decisions from the Federal Court of Canada and Supreme Court of Canada that affect jurisdiction and program delivery.
Key priorities mirror themes from reports by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, and think tanks such as the Institute for Research on Public Policy and the Munk School of Global Affairs. Measures include investments in programs delivered by Indigenous Services Canada, transportation initiatives with Transport Canada and Ports Canada-related projects, and science collaborations with entities like the Polar Knowledge Canada and universities such as the University of Manitoba, University of Toronto, and Memorial University of Newfoundland. The Framework emphasizes resilience strategies aligned with standards from Canadian Standards Association and monitoring partnerships with agencies like Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Natural Resources Canada.
Engagement protocols reference instruments and organizations including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Comprehensive Land Claims Agreements, and Indigenous organizations such as Assembly of First Nations, Inuit Circumpolar Council, Gwich'in Tribal Council, and Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated. The Framework recognizes rights affirmed in treaties like the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and mechanisms such as impact-benefit agreements used in projects involving corporations like Northern Dynasty Minerals and Agnico Eagle Mines. Legal frameworks and precedents from the Supreme Court of Canada, including cases concerning duty to consult, guide consultation processes with Indigenous governments and claimant organizations.
Economic measures target sectors including fisheries managed under Fisheries and Oceans Canada, mining regulated by Natural Resources Canada and provincial/territorial regimes, and energy projects involving entities such as Hydro-Québec and Crown energy proponents. Infrastructure investments coordinate with Canada Infrastructure Bank, northern airports overseen by NAV CANADA, and marine infrastructure shaped by Transport Canada and Canadian Coast Guard. Economic planning references regional development agencies like FedNor, the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, and institutions such as the Northern Ontario School of Medicine and regional colleges. Private-sector partners include mining firms like Teck Resources and service companies active in northern logistics.
Environmental protection aligns with multilateral instruments like the Convention on Biological Diversity and national initiatives guided by Environment and Climate Change Canada and research institutes such as the Canadian Arctic Resources Committee and Canadian Polar Commission. Adaptation planning references science from the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and projects conducted by universities including University of Calgary and University of British Columbia. Conservation efforts consider protected areas managed by Parks Canada and Indigenous guardians programs modeled after initiatives linked to organizations like Quebec Native Women and regional land claim bodies.
Sovereignty and security aspects involve coordination among Department of National Defence (Canada), Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Canadian Armed Forces, and agencies such as Canadian Coast Guard and Public Safety Canada. International cooperation is pursued through fora including the Arctic Council, bilateral arrangements with United States, Denmark (Greenland), Norway, and engagement with observers such as China. Maritime governance references norms like the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and operational cooperation with partners such as NATO and the Five Eyes intelligence alliance. Trade and research partnerships draw on institutions like Global Affairs Canada, Natural Resources Canada, and university consortia participating in polar science collaborations.
Category:Canadian federal policies