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| AR5 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Fifth Assessment Report |
| Subject | Climate change |
| Published | 2013–2014 |
| Publisher | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| Editors | Rajendra K. Pachauri, Thomas F. Stocker |
| Language | English |
| Pages | ~3000 |
AR5
The Fifth Assessment Report was a major scientific synthesis produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change between 2013 and 2014. It provided integrated evaluations of observational evidence, process understanding, climate projections, and impacts, drawing on contributions from national agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and institutions including the Met Office Hadley Centre and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The report informed deliberations at international forums such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meetings in Warsaw and Lima, and influenced policy debates involving the European Commission, World Bank, and national ministries in Australia and Canada.
The Fifth Assessment synthesized work from six large assessment cycles coordinated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and thousands of authors from universities such as University of Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Peking University. It built on earlier assessments that included inputs from organizations like the Royal Society and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The report was structured around contributions from three Working Groups and a Synthesis Report, with summaries for policymakers agreed through plenary sessions attended by delegations from the United States, China, India, Brazil, and South Africa.
AR5 comprised contributions from Working Group I, Working Group II, Working Group III, and a cross-cutting Synthesis Report. Working Group I reported on the physical science basis with lead authors from California Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, and the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. Working Group II addressed impacts and adaptation with contributors from Stanford University, Wageningen University, and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Working Group III covered mitigation, drawing expertise from Imperial College London, Tsinghua University, and the International Energy Agency. The Synthesis Report integrated findings for decision-makers, informed sessions at the Conference of the Parties and briefings to the G20.
The assessment concluded that human influence on the climate system was extremely likely, supported by evidence from temperature records curated by Hadley Centre, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and NOAA National Climatic Data Center. Projections used scenarios developed by teams at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, showing a range of outcomes contingent on mitigation pathways championed by the European Union and the United States. The report quantified sea level rise with contributions from studies at University of Colorado Boulder and Columbia University, and assessed carbon budgets building on work by James Hansen collaborators and analysts at the Carnegie Institution for Science.
AR5 relied on climate model intercomparisons coordinated through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project with models developed at centers including the Met Office Hadley Centre, GFDL, MPI-M, CSIRO, and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Methodological advances included improved representation of aerosols from teams at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and refined ocean heat uptake estimates from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Ifremer. Statistical approaches drew on techniques advanced at Princeton University, University of Oxford, and University of Tokyo for detection and attribution, and employed scenario frameworks influenced by the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways community.
Findings from the assessment informed negotiating positions at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and contributed to the scientific basis of the Paris Agreement discussions leading to commitments by countries such as China, United States, European Union, Brazil, and South Africa. National policymaking bodies including the UK Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy and the US Environmental Protection Agency used the report to justify regulations and emissions targets. Development finance institutions such as the World Bank and multilateral funds like the Green Climate Fund cited AR5 when assessing risk and resilience investments.
The report received endorsements from scientific academies including the Royal Society and the National Academy of Sciences, and was cited extensively by researchers at institutions like Yale University and University of California, Berkeley. Critics from think tanks such as the Heritage Foundation and commentators in outlets linked to Friends of Science raised objections about uncertainty characterization and model projections. Debates emerged in parliamentary hearings in the United Kingdom and congressional briefings in the United States concerning sensitivity estimates and regional impact projections.
AR5 shaped the agenda for the subsequent assessment cycle and the development of the Sixth Assessment Report process, influencing modeling priorities at centers like NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory and policy-relevant research agendas at World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Programme. Its synthesis of carbon budgets and mitigation pathways informed scenario analyses by the International Energy Agency and academic consortia at IIASA and IPSL, leaving a lasting imprint on climate science communication and international climate policy formulation.
Category:Climate change reports