APEC 2001
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| APEC 2001 | |
|---|---|
| Name | APEC 2001 |
| Date | October 20–21, 2001 |
| Location | Santiago, Chile |
| Chair | Ricardo Lagos |
| Participants | 21 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation members |
| Previous | APEC 2000 |
| Next | APEC 2002 |
APEC 2001 was the eighteenth gathering of leaders of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, held in Santiago, Chile on October 20–21, 2001, under the chairmanship of President Ricardo Lagos. Convening weeks after the September 11 attacks, the summit combined discussions on regional trade with heightened concerns about terrorism, security cooperation, and international finance, drawing leaders such as George W. Bush, Jiang Zemin, Vladimir Putin, Junichirō Koizumi, and John Howard.
Background and context
The summit followed a sequence of APEC meetings including APEC 2000 in Brunei and preceded APEC 2002 in Mexico City, taking place in a geopolitical environment shaped by the September 11 attacks, the unfolding War on Terror, and shifts in global finance affecting actors like the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and national authorities in United States, China, Russia, and Japan. Regional trade frameworks represented at the meeting involved economies tied to agreements and initiatives referenced by Trans-Pacific relations, WTO disputes, and bilateral dialogues such as between Australia and Indonesia, Canada and United States, or Chile and Peru.
Preparations and participants
Preparations were led by Chilean hosts including President Ricardo Lagos alongside ministers and delegations from 21 members of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: leaders and representatives from United States, China, Russia, Japan, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, Brunei, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Chile, Peru, Hong Kong, and Chinese Taipei. Security planning involved coordination among Chilean agencies, liaison with delegations from United States Secret Service, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Royal Australian Police, and intelligence contacts linked to MI6 and counterparts in Russia. Logistical arrangements referenced venues in Santiago, protocol from the Organization of American States for hosting heads of state, and interactions with media organizations including the Associated Press, Reuters, and BBC.
Summit agenda and key issues
The agenda encompassed trade liberalization, counter-terrorism, financial stability, and cooperative initiatives on public health and energy involving contributions from leaders such as George W. Bush, Jiang Zemin, Vladimir Putin, Junichirō Koizumi, and Gordon Brown (ministerial references), with ministers from institutions like the World Health Organization and International Maritime Organization briefing delegates. Trade topics touched on commitments related to the World Trade Organization Doha Round prospects, regional supply-chain resilience discussed in relation to firms such as Samsung, Toyota, BHP, and Codelco, and investment flows involving entities like the Asian Development Bank and Inter-American Development Bank. Security issues tied to the September 11 attacks led to proposals on intelligence-sharing with reference to mechanisms used by NATO, financial countermeasures echoing standards from the Financial Action Task Force, and border measures reminiscent of Schengen Agreement debates adapted for the Asia-Pacific context.
Declarations and outcomes
Leaders issued a joint declaration that reaffirmed APEC commitments to trade and investment liberalization, underscored counter-terrorism cooperation, and announced support measures for economic recovery; signatories included presidents and prime ministers from United States, China, Russia, Japan, Australia, and Canada. Outcomes included Chilean initiatives to promote liberalization advancing discussions around a proposed free-trade agenda influencing later talks involving Trans-Pacific Partnership proponents, bilateral memoranda with Chile’s partners such as Peru and Mexico, and pledges to strengthen frameworks aligned with International Monetary Fund recommendations. The summit statement referenced coordination on aviation security involving International Civil Aviation Organization standards and on maritime security engaging International Maritime Organization protocols.
Security, protests, and controversies
Security measures in Santiago were extensive, involving checkpoints, temporary restrictions, and cooperation between Chilean forces and foreign security teams from United States Secret Service and law-enforcement delegations from Australia and Canada, prompted by the global security posture after September 11 attacks. Protest activity featured civil society groups, labor unions such as affiliates of the International Trade Union Confederation, environmental organizations allied with Greenpeace activists, and student groups linked to Universidad de Chile; confrontations with police drew attention from international media outlets including CNN, Al Jazeera, and The New York Times. Controversies arose over civil liberties restrictions, the scope of security powers signed by Chilean authorities, and debates among delegates about balancing counter-terrorism measures with trade openness as advocated by figures associated with World Bank and private sector leaders from conglomerates like Codelco and BHP.
Economic impact and follow-up actions
Immediate economic impacts included market reactions in stock exchanges such as the Santiago Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, and Tokyo Stock Exchange, investor statements referencing multinational firms like Codelco, Samsung, and Toyota, and policy signals to central banks including the Central Bank of Chile and the Federal Reserve. Follow-up actions comprised ministerial meetings, trade-working groups under Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation auspices, and bilateral negotiations that influenced later developments in regional integration discussions involving Trans-Pacific Partnership proponents and multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund. The summit’s emphasis on security cooperation also accelerated information-sharing arrangements among intelligence services and financial regulators modeled on Financial Action Task Force standards.