ADP 3-0
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| ADP 3-0 | |
|---|---|
| Name | ADP 3-0 |
| Subject | United States Army doctrine |
| Released | 2017 |
| Publisher | Department of the Army |
| Series | Army Doctrine Publications |
ADP 3-0.
ADP 3-0 presents the United States Army's authoritative exposition of unified land operations, connecting doctrine to operational art and campaign planning. It situates Army operations within the context of joint operations and multinational coalitions, informing planners, commanders, and staffs across a range of contingencies and campaigns. The publication synthesizes historical campaigns, strategic guidance, and contemporary operational experience to guide the integration of maneuver, fires, sustainment, and protection across theater-level, corps, division, brigade, and battalion echelons.
Background and Development
ADP 3-0 emerged from iterative doctrinal processes influenced by historical campaigns such as Operation Overlord, Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Midway, Tet Offensive, and Operation Desert Storm, and by strategic documents including National Security Strategy, Quadrennial Defense Review, and National Defense Strategy. Development involved contributors from Department of the Army, Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, and coalition partners such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization and military missions like Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Influences included theorists and practitioners associated with Carl von Clausewitz, Antoine-Henri Jomini, Alfred Thayer Mahan, John Boyd, and modern authors tied to RAND Corporation and Center for Strategic and International Studies. The publication cycle reflected lessons from events including Battle of Fallujah (2004), Siege of Sarajevo, Gulf War, and stabilization efforts in Kosovo and Afghanistan. Doctrinal change considered inputs from institutions like United States Military Academy, Naval War College, Air War College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, and multinational exercises such as Saber Strike and Trident Juncture.
Doctrine Overview
ADP 3-0 frames unified land operations around offense, defense, and stability tasks applied in support of national objectives articulated by the President of the United States, Secretary of Defense, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It integrates joint capabilities from services such as United States Air Force, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and United States Space Force while coordinating with agencies like Department of State and organizations such as United Nations and European Union. Doctrine codifies roles for headquarters from Theatre Army to Brigade Combat Team, aligning efforts with campaign constructs used in historical campaigns like Operation Market Garden and Operation Iraqi Freedom. It codifies principles expressed by figures such as George S. Patton, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and Erwin Rommel in a modern operational frame that informs planning with analytic methods favored by institutions like Brookings Institution and Aspen Institute.
Operational Concepts and Principles
ADP 3-0 articulates operational concepts including decisive action, combined arms maneuver, and mission command, drawing on examples from Battle of Kursk, Korean War, Vietnam War, and Falklands War. Principles such as tempo, initiative, and operational reach are described with reference to campaigns like Operation Anaconda, Second Battle of Fallujah, and Battle of Mogadishu. It emphasizes cohesion among maneuver, fires, intelligence, protection, and sustainment elements and cites doctrinal precedents from Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and theorists like Sun Tzu. The publication aligns these concepts with multinational interoperability frameworks practiced in exercises including RIMPAC and operations under NATO Response Force.
Command and Control and Planning
ADP 3-0 prescribes mission command as the preferred command philosophy and outlines planning processes compatible with Joint Publication 5-0 and joint campaign planning used by United States European Command, United States Indo-Pacific Command, and United States Central Command. It references command relationships familiar from historical headquarters such as Combined Joint Task Force constructs used in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Inherent Resolve. The doctrine addresses staff functions from G-1 through G-9 and integrates command post procedures seen in I Corps, XVIII Airborne Corps, and multinational headquarters like Allied Rapid Reaction Corps.
Integration with Joint and Multinational Operations
ADP 3-0 details how Army operations integrate with joint effects provided by Carrier Strike Group, Air Expeditionary Wing, Joint Special Operations Command, and multinational formations such as International Security Assistance Force and United Nations Protection Force. It emphasizes liaison, interoperability, and combined planning practices used in coalitions including Coalition Provisional Authority and partnerships like Partnership for Peace. The doctrine acknowledges contributions from organizations like NATO Allied Command Operations, European Union Military Staff, and multinational task forces in operations such as Operation Unified Protector.
Implementation and Training
Implementation of ADP 3-0 occurs through capstone doctrine dissemination, professional military education at institutions like Command and General Staff College, School of Advanced Military Studies, National War College, and service schools including Infantry School and Armor School, and through exercises such as Defender Europe, Bright Star, and Cobra Gold. Training integrates live, virtual, and constructive simulations managed by agencies like Army Test and Evaluation Command and industry partners including Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon Technologies. Doctrine informs materiel development programs overseen by Program Executive Office Missiles and Space and Army Futures Command to ensure concepts translate to capability.
Criticism and Revisions
Scholars and practitioners from Heritage Foundation, Center for a New American Security, Council on Foreign Relations, and academia at Harvard University, Princeton University, and Georgetown University have critiqued ADP 3-0 for balance between high-intensity conflict and irregular warfare. After critiques post-Iraq War and Afghanistan conflict, revisions incorporated lessons from counterinsurgency debates involving figures such as David Petraeus and institutions like USIP. Subsequent updates reflect changing strategic environments addressed by policymakers in Congress of the United States, analyses from RAND Corporation, and guidance from successive Secretary of the Army appointees.