Summit, New Jersey

Summit, New Jersey
source
Name	Summit
Settlement type	City
Nickname	The Hilltop City
Pushpin label	Summit
Coordinates	40, 42, 56, N...
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	New Jersey
Subdivision type2	County
Subdivision name2	Essex
Established title	Settled
Established date	1710
Established title1	Incorporated (town)
Established date1	April 11, 1869
Established title2	Incorporated (city)
Established date2	March 8, 1899
Government type	Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council)
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Nora Radest (D)
Leader title1	Administrator
Leader name1	Michael J. Rogers
Area total km2	15.66
Area land km2	15.60
Area water km2	0.06
Area total sq mi	6.05
Area land sq mi	6.02
Area water sq mi	0.02
Elevation ft	373
Population as of	2020
Population total	22719
Population density km2	1456.3
Population density sq mi	3771.3
Timezone	EST
Utc offset	-5
Timezone DST	EDT
Utc offset DST	-4
Postal code type	ZIP Code
Postal code	07901-07902
Area code	908/973
Blank name	FIPS code
Blank info	34-71400
Blank1 name	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 info	0885421
Website	www.cityofsummit.org

Summit, New Jersey is a city in Essex County, situated atop the Watchung Mountains and known as "The Hilltop City." Incorporated as a city in 1899, it is a prominent residential community within the New York metropolitan area, recognized for its historic downtown, strong public school system, and direct rail service to New York City. The city's development was heavily influenced by the arrival of the Morristown Line of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad in the 19th century, transforming it from a rural area into a commuter suburb.

History

The land comprising the area was originally inhabited by the Lenape people before European settlement began in the early 18th century, with the first colonial land purchase recorded from Chief Tantagua in 1664. Known initially as "Beacon Hill," its strategic position made it a site for signal fires and observation posts during the American Revolutionary War, including use by General George Washington's troops. The community's modern identity was forged with the 1837 opening of the Summit Hotel and, decisively, the 1872 extension of the Morristown Line, which spurred rapid growth and led to its formal incorporation. Notable historical events include the 1929 New Jersey Supreme Court case *City of Summit v. Southern New Jersey Railroad Company* and the 1932 kidnapping of the infant son of Charles Lindbergh, the Lindbergh kidnapping, which occurred at the family's home in nearby Hopewell but involved extensive investigation in the area.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.05 square miles, with over 99% being land. Summit is located on the Second Watchung Mountain, part of the Watchung Mountains, and features a varied topography that includes the Passaic River basin. The city borders Berkeley Heights, New Providence, and Springfield Township in Union County to the west, and Millburn, Chatham Township, and Madison to the north. Key natural features include the Briant Pond and the Reeves-Reed Arboretum, a 13.5-acre historic property and public garden.

Demographics

As of the 2020 United States Census, the population was 22,719, with a population density of approximately 3,771 people per square mile. The racial makeup was predominantly White (78.5%), with significant Asian (11.5%) and Hispanic or Latino (7.5%) communities. The median household income is notably high, consistently ranking among the top in New Jersey, with a large percentage of residents holding a bachelor's degree or higher. Summit is part of the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area and exhibits demographic characteristics typical of an affluent commuter town within the New York metropolitan area.

Economy

Summit's economy is characterized by a mix of corporate offices, healthcare, retail, and professional services, with many residents commuting to employment centers in New York City and across Northern New Jersey. The city's downtown, centered around Maple Street and Springfield Avenue, serves as a commercial hub featuring boutique shops, restaurants, and financial services. Major employers include the global pharmaceutical company Celgene (now part of Bristol Myers Squibb), which was headquartered in the city, and the flagship medical campus of Atlantic Health System, which operates the Overlook Medical Center. The presence of firms like the investment bank Guggenheim Partners and the corporate offices of Subaru further diversify the economic base.

Government

Summit operates under the Faulkner Act (Mayor-Council) system of municipal government, adopted in 1956. The government consists of a mayor, elected at-large to a four-year term, and a seven-member Common Council elected from wards. The current mayor is Nora Radest, a member of the Democratic Party. The city provides full municipal services, including its own police department, the Summit Police Department, and fire department. Summit is located in New Jersey's 7th and 11th congressional districts, represented in the U.S. House by Thomas Kean Jr. and Mikie Sherrill, and is part of the 21st and 27th districts in the New Jersey Legislature.

Education

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