Oise

Oise
Department	Oise
Number	60
Region	Hauts-de-France
Prefecture	Beauvais
Subprefectures	Clermont, Compiègne, Senlis
President	Nadia Boulanger
Population	828,838
Population date	2021
Area km2	5860
Cantons	21
Communes	679

Oise. A department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France, it is named for the river that flows through it. Its prefecture is Beauvais, and it is known for its dense forests, historic towns, and significant role in French history, particularly during the First World War. The department encompasses parts of the ancient provinces of Île-de-France and Picardy.

Geography

Situated north of Paris, the department's terrain is characterized by the plains of the Paris Basin, with the Oise (river) and its tributaries, such as the Thérain and the Aisne, forming its primary drainage. Notable natural areas include the forests of Compiègne, Chantilly, and Ermenonville. The region borders the departments of Somme to the north, Aisne to the east, Seine-et-Marne and Val-d'Oise to the south, and Eure and Seine-Maritime to the west. The Plateau of Picardy influences its northern geography, while the Vexin region extends into its southern parts.

History

The area has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence found at sites like the Caves of Naours. It was part of the territory of the Bellovaci Gauls before Roman conquest. During the Middle Ages, it was a strategic region, with Compiègne being a favored residence of Charlemagne and later French monarchs. The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed in the Compiègne Forest, and the department suffered heavily during both World War I and World War II, including during the Battle of France and the Liberation of France. Historic towns like Senlis and Noyon, the birthplace of John Calvin, contain significant medieval architecture.

Demographics

As of 2021, the population was approximately 828,838, with a density of around 141 inhabitants per square kilometer. The population is concentrated in the main urban areas of Beauvais, Compiègne, Creil, and Nogent-sur-Oise, with the latter two being part of the Creil metropolitan area. The department has experienced steady growth, influenced by its proximity to the Paris metropolitan area. Key educational institutions include the University of Picardy Jules Verne and the University of Technology of Compiègne.

Economy

The economy is diversified, with a strong industrial base historically centered on the Creil and Montataire valleys, known for metallurgy and glassmaking. Major companies like SAFRAN and Saint-Gobain have significant operations here. Agriculture remains important, particularly the cultivation of cereals, sugar beets, and legumes. The service sector is growing, supported by logistics due to the department's transport networks, including the A1 autoroute and the Paris–Lille railway. Tourism is also significant, driven by historical sites and natural parks like the Parc Astérix.

Culture and landmarks

The department boasts a rich cultural heritage, with landmarks such as the Château de Chantilly, home to the Musée Condé and its library, and the Château de Compiègne, a former imperial residence. The Beauvais Cathedral, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, and the Senlis Cathedral are notable religious sites. Cultural events include the International Festival of Comic Strip Art in Angoulême (though not in Oise, it influences the region) and the Piano à Compiègne festival. The Memorial of the Armistice in Compiègne Forest is a major historical site. The area is also associated with artists like Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot and writer Gérard de Nerval.

Administration

The department is divided into four arrondissements: Beauvais, Clermont, Compiègne, and Senlis. It is further subdivided into 21 cantons and 679 communes. The Departmental Council is presided over by Nadia Boulanger. Oise is part of the Hauts-de-France region and is represented in the National Assembly by several deputies and in the Senate by senators. It falls under the jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal of Amiens and the Academic Region of Amiens.

Category:Departments of Hauts-de-France Category:Oise Category:1790 establishments in France