National Assembly (Vietnam)
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| National Assembly (Vietnam) | |
|---|---|
| Name | National Assembly |
| Native name | Quốc hội nước Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam |
| Legislature | 15th National Assembly |
| House type | Unicameral |
| Body | Parliament of Vietnam |
| Leader1 type | Chairman |
| Leader1 | Vương Đình Huệ |
| Party1 | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| Election1 | 31 March 2021 |
| Leader2 type | Vice Chairpersons |
| Leader2 | Trần Thanh Mẫn, Nguyễn Khắc Định, Nguyễn Đức Hải |
| Election2 | 31 March 2021 |
| Members | 499 |
| Political groups1 | Communist Party (485) , Independents (14) |
| Meeting place | Ba Đình Hall, Hanoi |
| Website | quochoi.vn |
National Assembly (Vietnam). The National Assembly is the highest representative body and the supreme state authority of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Operating as a unicameral legislature, it holds constitutional and legislative power, overseeing the activities of the President, the Government, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuracy, and other state organs. Its sessions are convened at the historic Ba Đình Hall in the capital city of Hanoi.
History
The first legislature was elected in January 1946, following the August Revolution and the declaration of independence by Hồ Chí Minh. This inaugural session, led by Nguyễn Văn Tố, adopted the first Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Throughout the First Indochina War and subsequent conflicts, the assembly provided a framework for national governance. Major constitutional revisions were enacted in 1959, 1980, 1992, and 2013, each reflecting the political evolution of the state, from post-colonial consolidation to the Đổi Mới economic reforms and contemporary socialist-oriented market development.
Powers and functions
The assembly's paramount authority is derived from the constitution. It is the sole body empowered to draft, amend, and adopt the Constitution and laws. It decides on fundamental domestic and foreign policies, socioeconomic development plans, and the state budget. It exercises supreme oversight over all state activities and has the power to elect, appoint, and remove the President, Prime Minister, Chief Justice, and Prosecutor General. It also ratifies international treaties and can declare war.
Structure and organization
The assembly operates through its plenary sessions and a standing body, the Standing Committee, which acts on its behalf when it is not in session. Key internal organs include the Council for Ethnic Affairs and various specialized committees such as the Legal Committee, Economic Committee, and Defense and Security Committee. The assembly is led by a Chairman, currently Vương Đình Huệ, assisted by several Vice Chairpersons.
Elections and membership
Delegates are elected for five-year terms through universal suffrage in nationwide elections administered by the National Election Council. Candidates are vetted through a process organized by the Vietnam Fatherland Front, with the vast majority being members of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The current 15th National Assembly comprises 499 delegates, representing all provinces, cities, and the Vietnam People's Army. A small number of seats are held by non-party independents.
Legislative process
Legislative proposals can be initiated by the President, the Standing Committee, the Government, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuracy, or by delegates themselves. Draft laws are scrutinized by relevant committees and the Standing Committee before being submitted for discussion and approval in plenary sessions, often requiring a majority vote. The process emphasizes consensus-building within the framework of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
Relationship with other state bodies
The National Assembly stands at the apex of Vietnam's political system, creating a unified state structure. It elects and supervises the executive and judicial branches, including the President and the Government led by the Prime Minister. All state bodies, including the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuracy, are constitutionally responsible to it. The assembly's direction is aligned with the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam, as articulated through its resolutions and the guidance of the Politburo.
Category:National Assembly (Vietnam) Category:Government of Vietnam Category:Unicameral legislatures