List of United States cities by population

List of United States cities by population. This list ranks incorporated places in the United States, typically municipalities and cities, based on their population as determined by the decennial United States Census. The most authoritative data comes from the United States Census Bureau, which conducts a comprehensive national count every ten years. Such rankings are closely watched as indicators of urban growth, regional economic shifts, and demographic change across the nation.

Introduction

The compilation of population rankings for U.S. cities serves as a fundamental demographic and geographic reference. It provides a snapshot of the nation's urban landscape, highlighting the most populous centers of commerce, culture, and governance. Entities like the United States Office of Management and Budget also use related concepts, such as Metropolitan Statistical Areas, to define larger economic regions. Understanding these rankings involves navigating specific Census Bureau terminology, including distinctions between "incorporated places" and broader Census-Designated Places.

2020 census data

According to the 2020 United States Census, the most populous incorporated city in the United States was New York City, with over 8.8 million residents, followed by Los Angeles and Chicago. Other major cities in the top ten included Houston, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas, and San Jose. Significant growth was observed in Sun Belt states, with cities like Phoenix surpassing Philadelphia and several Texas cities, including Austin and Fort Worth, experiencing substantial increases. Notable shifts also occurred, such as Jacksonville remaining the most populous city in Florida.

Historical data and trends

Historical census data reveals dramatic shifts in the urban hierarchy over the nation's history. In the first 1790 United States Census, the largest cities were coastal ports like New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston. The 19th century, fueled by industrialization and westward expansion, saw the rise of Chicago and interior hubs like St. Louis. The 20th century witnessed the ascent of Los Angeles and the growth of Sun Belt cities following events like World War II and the development of interstate highways. Former industrial powerhouses in the Rust Belt, such as Detroit and Cleveland, have seen relative declines in ranking since the mid-20th century.

Methodology and definitions

The United States Census Bureau employs specific criteria for counting and defining cities. The primary count refers to the "incorporated place" population, which includes only residents within legally defined municipal boundaries. This can differ significantly from the population of a Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses entire counties and is defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget. The census count is a decennial enumeration, though the Bureau also releases annual American Community Survey estimates. Challenges in methodology include counting college students at their school location and addressing issues of undercount in certain populations.

Related lists

Several other demographic lists provide complementary perspectives on U.S. population distribution. These include rankings of the largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Combined Statistical Areas, which often feature different leading regions. Lists of the fastest-growing municipalities and projections for future population are also commonly referenced. Internationally, comparisons can be made to lists of world cities by population, such as those featuring Tokyo, Delhi, and Shanghai. Other relevant compilations focus on the historical populations of major cities and rankings of counties by population.

Category:Lists of cities in the United States Category:United States geography-related lists Category:Demographics of the United States