Hidalgo (state)
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| Hidalgo (state) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hidalgo |
| Settlement type | State |
| Coordinates | 20, 28, 42, N... |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Mexico |
| Seat type | Capital |
| Seat | Pachuca |
| Leader title | Governor |
| Leader name | Julio Menchaca Salazar |
| Area total km2 | 20,821 |
| Population total | 3,082,841 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Population rank | 17th |
| Population demonym | Hidalguense |
| Timezone | CST |
| Utc offset | -6 |
| Timezone DST | CDT |
| Utc offset DST | -5 |
| Postal code type | Postal code |
| Postal code | 42-43 |
| Area code type | Area codes |
| Area code | 771, 772, 774, 775, 776, 777, 778, 779 |
| Iso code | MX-HID |
| Blank name sec1 | HDI |
| Blank info sec1 | 0.740 |
| Blank1 name sec1 | Rank |
| Blank1 info sec1 | 25th |
| Website | https://www.hidalgo.gob.mx/ |
Hidalgo (state). Officially the Free and Sovereign State of Hidalgo, it is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico. Located in the central-eastern region, it is bordered by San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Puebla, Tlaxcala, México, and Querétaro. Its capital and largest city is Pachuca, known historically for its Real del Monte silver mines.
Geography
The state's terrain is predominantly mountainous, formed by the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Notable peaks include the Cerro de las Navajas and the Peña del Aire. Major river systems include the Moctezuma River, a tributary of the Pánuco River, and the Tula River, which feeds the Endhó Dam. The state features diverse climates, from temperate forests in the Sierra de Pachuca to arid zones in the Mezquital Valley. Protected natural areas include the El Chico National Park and the Los Mármoles National Park.
History
The region was home to pre-Columbian cultures such as the Toltecs, whose capital was at Tula, and the Otomi and Nahua peoples. Following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the area became part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain and was a major mining district centered on Pachuca and Real del Monte. After the Mexican War of Independence, it was part of the State of Mexico until it was erected as a separate state by decree of President Benito Juárez on January 16, 1869, named in honor of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.
Demographics
According to the 2020 census by INEGI, Hidalgo has a population of approximately 3.1 million inhabitants. A significant portion of the population identifies as indigenous, primarily belonging to the Otomi and Nahua groups, with concentrations in municipalities like Huejutla de Reyes and the Sierra Otomí-Tepehua. The state has experienced notable migration to areas like the Mexico City metropolitan area and the United States.
Economy
Key economic sectors include mining, with operations by companies like Industrias Peñoles extracting silver, gold, and lead. Manufacturing is prominent in automotive and textile corridors, such as those in Ciudad Sahagún. Agriculture varies by region, producing barley, alfalfa, and nopal in the Mezquital Valley, while the Huasteca region cultivates coffee and citrus. Tourism focuses on heritage sites like the Tula archaeological zone, the Museo de la Minería in Pachuca, and the Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla.
Culture
The state's culture reflects its indigenous and mining heritage. Notable traditional events include the Feria de San Francisco in Pachuca and the Xantolo celebrations in the Huasteca. Regional cuisine features dishes like barbacoa, pastes (miners' pastries), and maguey worms. Hidalgo is known for its musical traditions, particularly Huapango and the Son Huasteco, and is home to the Orquesta Sinfónica de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo.
Government and politics
Hidalgo is governed according to the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Hidalgo. The state government is divided into executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive is headed by a governor, currently Julio Menchaca Salazar of the Morena party. The legislative power resides in the Congress of Hidalgo, a unicameral body. The state is represented in the federal Congress of the Union by senators and deputies. Major political parties include PRI, PAN, and Morena.
Category:Hidalgo (state) Category:States of Mexico Category:1869 establishments in Mexico