Guadalajara
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| Guadalajara | |
|---|---|
| Name | Guadalajara |
| Settlement type | City |
| Nickname | "La Perla de Occidente" (The Pearl of the West), "La Ciudad de las Rosas" (The City of Roses) |
| Coordinates | 20, 40, 36, N... |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Mexico |
| Subdivision type1 | State |
| Subdivision name1 | Jalisco |
| Subdivision type2 | Municipality |
| Subdivision name2 | Guadalajara Municipality |
| Established title | Founded |
| Established date | February 14, 1542 |
| Founder | Cristóbal de Oñate |
| Government type | Ayuntamiento |
| Leader title | Municipal President |
| Leader name | Pablo Lemus |
| Area total km2 | 151.4 |
| Area metro km2 | 2736 |
| Elevation m | 1566 |
| Population total | 1,385,621 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Population metro | 5,268,642 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Population demonym | Tapatío(a) |
| Timezone | CST |
| Utc offset | -6 |
| Timezone DST | CDT |
| Utc offset DST | -5 |
| Postal code type | Postal code |
| Postal code | 44100–44990 |
| Area code | 33 |
| Website | https://www.guadalajara.gob.mx/ |
Guadalajara. It is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Jalisco and the seat of the Guadalajara Municipality. As the core of the second-largest metropolitan area in the country, it is a pivotal hub for Western Mexico in commerce, finance, and culture. The city is globally renowned as the birthplace of mariachi music, tequila, and the charro tradition, cementing its status as a primary cultural engine of Mexico.
History
The city was founded on February 14, 1542, by Spanish conquistador Cristóbal de Oñate, following orders from Nuño de Guzmán, and named after the Spanish city of Guadalajara, Spain. After several relocations due to indigenous resistance, it was permanently established in the Atemajac Valley. It played a significant role during the Mexican War of Independence and later became a strategic center for Benito Juárez's government during the Reform War and the French intervention in Mexico. The Mexican Revolution and the Cristero War also deeply impacted the region, shaping its modern political identity.
Geography
Situated in the Atemajac Valley within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, the city lies at an average elevation of 1,566 meters above sea level. The primary hydrographic feature is the San Juan de Dios River, though the Santiago River flows through the adjacent Barranca de Oblatos canyon. The metropolitan area encompasses neighboring municipalities like Zapopan, Tlaquepaque, and Tonalá. Its climate is classified as humid subtropical, heavily influenced by its altitude and proximity to Lake Chapala.
Demographics
According to the 2020 census by INEGI, the city proper has a population of 1,385,621 inhabitants, while the wider Guadalajara metropolitan area is home to over 5.2 million people, making it the second-most populous urban agglomeration in Mexico after the Greater Mexico City. The population is predominantly Mestizo, with a significant presence of descendants from Basque, French, and German immigrants. The demonym for its residents is tapatío.
Economy
As a major economic powerhouse, the city hosts a strong and diversified industrial base, with leading sectors in information technology, electronics, and the food industry. It is a national leader in the tech industry, often called the "Silicon Valley of Mexico," hosting numerous multinational firms and the International Film Festival. The city is also a critical center for the production and export of tequila and serves as the headquarters for major national corporations like Grupo Modelo and Grupo Bimbo.
Culture
Globally recognized as the cultural heart of Mexico, Guadalajara is the origin of mariachi music, the charreada, and the nationally beloved torta ahogada. The city's historic core is anchored by landmarks like the Guadalajara Cathedral, the Instituto Cultural Cabañas—a UNESCO World Heritage Site—and the iconic Hospicio Cabañas. Major cultural events include the massive International Book Fair and the Encuentro Internacional del Mariachi y la Charrería. It is also home to the celebrated soccer club Chivas.
Government
The city operates as the seat of the Guadalajara Municipality, governed by a municipal president, currently Pablo Lemus of the Movimiento Ciudadano party. It serves as the capital of the state of Jalisco, housing the state's executive power in the Government Palace and the legislative power in the Congreso del Estado de Jalisco. The city is divided into numerous territorial demarcations and is part of the Fourth Federal Electoral District of Jalisco in the Congress of the Union.
Category:Guadalajara Category:Populated places in Jalisco Category:State capitals in Mexico