Evzones

Evzones. The Evzones are an elite infantry unit of the Hellenic Army, renowned for their distinctive ceremonial uniform and their role as the Presidential Guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Athens. Historically, they were elite light mountain troops and sharpshooters with a formidable record in Greece's major conflicts. Today, they are a symbol of national pride, performing precise drills and maintaining a solemn vigil at key national monuments.

History and origins

The historical roots trace back to the irregular Greek light infantry and klephts of the Ottoman Empire period, who were known for their mobility and skill in mountainous terrain. During the Greek War of Independence, these fighters formed the core of revolutionary forces, with their tactics later formalized into official units. The modern regiment was officially established in 1868 as a elite mountain warfare unit, drawing recruits from regions like the Peloponnese and Central Greece. They distinguished themselves in the Balkan Wars under commanders like Panagiotis Danglis, and later served with valor in the Macedonian Front of World War I and during the Greco-Italian War in World War II. Their battle honors include pivotal engagements at the Battle of Sarantaporo and the Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas.

Uniform and equipment

The ceremonial uniform, known as the "fustanella," is a meticulously crafted evocation of historical Greek attire. It consists of a white pleated kilt made from over 30 meters of fabric, symbolizing the 400 years of Ottoman rule, a red hat with a long black silk tassel, and elaborately embroidered waistcoats. The footwear, called "tsarouhia," are red leather clogs with black pompons, historically containing blades. The uniform's components, including the blue and white stripes of the fustanella, reflect the colors of the Greek flag. For guard duties, they are armed with M1 Garand rifles fitted with bayonets, a legacy of American military aid following World War II. Seasonal variations include a winter uniform with a dark blue jacket and a summer version in khaki.

Role and duties

The primary contemporary role is ceremonial, centered on guarding the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in front of the Hellenic Parliament building on Syntagma Square. They perform the meticulously choreographed changing of the guard ceremony every hour, which draws numerous spectators. The unit also stands guard at the Presidential Mansion and serves as an honor guard for visiting foreign dignitaries, such as heads of state received by the President of Greece. During national holidays like Greek Independence Day on March 25th, they participate in major parades and wreath-laying ceremonies. Historically, their role was as combat infantry, specializing in reconnaissance and as skirmishers in difficult terrain.

Training and selection

Prospective members are selected from volunteers within the Hellenic Army who must meet stringent physical, moral, and height requirements. The training regimen is exceptionally demanding, focusing on mastering the unique, slow-motion ceremonial march that requires immense leg strength and balance. Recruits undergo intense drills to perform the precise, synchronized movements of the guard change without the slightest facial expression, embodying discipline and endurance. The selection process also emphasizes knowledge of military history and unwavering commitment, as they represent the nation. Successful candidates are inducted into the unit, which is part of the Army Support Command and is based at the Goudi barracks in Athens.

Cultural significance and public appearances

They are a potent national symbol, embodying the continuity of Greek history from the klephts to the modern state. Their image is ubiquitous in tourism, featuring prominently on postcards, souvenirs, and in promotional material for Greece. The changing of the guard ceremony is a major tourist attraction in Athens, alongside sites like the Acropolis and the Parthenon. They are central to state functions, including the celebration of Οχι Day on October 28th. The unit has also performed internationally, representing Greece at events like the Military Tattoo and during official visits by figures such as Pope John Paul II and Queen Elizabeth II.

Category:Military of Greece Category:Presidential guards Category:Ceremonial units