County Armagh
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| County Armagh | |
|---|---|
| Name | County Armagh |
| Native name | Contae Ard Mhacha |
| Settlement type | County |
| Coordinates | 54, 20, N, 6... |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | United Kingdom |
| Subdivision type1 | Province |
| Subdivision name1 | Ulster |
| Subdivision type2 | Region |
| Subdivision name2 | Northern Ireland |
| Seat type | County town |
| Seat | Armagh |
| Area total km2 | 1,327 |
| Area rank | 27th |
| Population total | 194,394 |
| Population as of | 2021 |
| Population rank | 10th |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Blank name sec1 | Vehicle index mark |
| Blank info sec1 | AM |
| Website | https://www.armaghbanbridgecraigavon.gov.uk/ |
County Armagh. It is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland and part of the historic Ulster province. Known as the "Orchard County" for its lush fruit-growing regions, it is steeped in history as the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland. The county town is Armagh, home to both the Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic primatial sees.
Geography
Bordered by Lough Neagh to the north, County Down to the east, County Tyrone to the north-west, and the Republic of Ireland counties of County Monaghan and County Louth to the south and west. The terrain transitions from the fertile lowlands of the Lough Neagh basin to the rolling drumlins of the south, with the River Blackwater and River Callan being significant waterways. Key geographical features include Gosford Forest Park, the Mullaghbane area, and the Ring of Gullion, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
History
The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, with evidence from sites like the Ballykeel Dolmen. It became the heart of the ancient Ulaid kingdom, later the kingdom of Airgíalla. In the 5th century, Saint Patrick established his principal church at Armagh, cementing its status. The county was embroiled in the Tudor conquest of Ireland and the Plantation of Ulster, leading to the construction of fortifications like Charlemont Fort. It witnessed significant conflict during the Irish Rebellion of 1641, the Williamite War in Ireland, and more recently, The Troubles, with events such as the Kingsmill massacre occurring near Bessbrook.
Demographics
According to the 2021 census, it has a population of approximately 194,394. The largest settlements are the city of Armagh, and the towns of Craigavon, Lurgan, and Portadown. The demographic composition reflects a historically mixed community, with significant populations identifying with both Roman Catholic and Presbyterian or Church of Ireland backgrounds. This mix has contributed to its complex political landscape, represented by constituencies like Newry and Armagh and Upper Bann.
Economy
Traditionally agricultural, its fertile land supports extensive apple and pear orchards, with companies like Mackintosh's in Portadown historically significant. Manufacturing and engineering have been important, particularly around the Craigavon area. The county is a hub for the Northern Ireland Civil Service, with several departments based in Armagh. Other economic activities include retail at centers like Rushmere Shopping Centre, food processing, and a growing technology sector supported by institutions like Southern Regional College.
Culture and landmarks
The county is renowned for its religious heritage, including the twin-spired St Patrick's Cathedral (Church of Ireland) and the neo-Gothic St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh (Roman Catholic). The Armagh Observatory and Armagh Planetarium are key scientific institutions. Cultural venues include the Market Place Theatre in Armagh and the Millennium Court Arts Centre in Portadown. Historical sites range from the Navan Fort archaeological complex to the Argory National Trust property and the Derrymore House.
Administration
Local government is primarily the responsibility of Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon Borough Council, formed from the merger of Armagh City and District Council, Banbridge District Council, and Craigavon Borough Council. For purposes of the Lieutenancy, it remains a distinct county. It is part of several Westminster constituencies and is covered by the Northern Ireland Assembly constituencies of Newry and Armagh, Upper Bann, and part of Fermanagh and South Tyrone.
Category:County Armagh Category:Counties of Northern Ireland Category:Counties of Ulster