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Abu Dhabi

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Abu Dhabi
NameAbu Dhabi
Settlement typeCity
Coordinates24, 28, N, 54...
Subdivision typeCountry
Subdivision nameUnited Arab Emirates
Subdivision type1Emirate
Subdivision name1Emirate of Abu Dhabi
Established titleSettled
Established date1761
FounderShakhbut bin Dhiyab Al Nahyan
Leader titleRuler
Leader nameMohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Area total km2972
Population total1,512,000
Population as of2023

Abu Dhabi is the capital city of the United Arab Emirates and the seat of the federal government. It is located on an island in the Persian Gulf and serves as the center of political, industrial, and cultural activities. The city is the largest of the seven emirates by area and holds the majority of the country's oil reserves, making it a pivotal economic force.

History

The area was historically inhabited by the Bani Yas tribe, with the settlement founded in 1761 after the discovery of fresh water. Leadership was established by the Al Nahyan family, descendants of the Al Bu Falah section. In the 19th century, the pearling industry was a primary economic activity, with the region signing the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 with the British Empire. The discovery of oil in 1958 at the Umm Shaif field transformed its fortunes, leading to rapid modernization under Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, who became Ruler of Abu Dhabi in 1966 and later the first President of the United Arab Emirates upon federation in 1971. Key events in its development include the founding of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company in 1971 and hosting the inaugural Formula One Abu Dhabi Grand Prix at the Yas Marina Circuit in 2009.

Geography and climate

The city is situated on a triangular island less than 250 meters from the mainland, connected by the Maqta Bridge and Musaffah Bridge. It lies adjacent to the Arabian Desert and features coastal sabkha salt flats. The climate is classified as hot desert climate, with extremely high summer temperatures often exceeding 40°C and mild winters. Precipitation is scarce, averaging less than 50mm annually, and the region is occasionally affected by shamal winds and dust storms. Notable natural areas include the Mangrove National Park and the protected waters around Sir Bani Yas Island.

Government and politics

As the capital of the United Arab Emirates, the city hosts key federal institutions including the Supreme Council of the Union, the Presidential Palace, and the Cabinet of the United Arab Emirates. The local government is headed by the Ruler of Abu Dhabi, a hereditary position held by the Al Nahyan family, currently Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The Executive Council of Abu Dhabi implements local policy, while the Federal National Council provides advisory functions. The city is a major diplomatic hub, hosting numerous embassies and consulates, and is the headquarters for the International Renewable Energy Agency.

Economy

The economy is dominated by hydrocarbons, with the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company managing vast oil reserves primarily from the onshore Bab oil field and offshore Upper Zakum field. Major sovereign wealth funds like the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority and Mubadala Investment Company drive global investments. Significant diversification efforts have led to growth in sectors such as financial services centered in the Abu Dhabi Global Market, aviation with Etihad Airways, and renewable energy through projects like Masdar City and the Barakah Nuclear Energy Plant. The Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange is the national stock market.

Demographics and culture

The population is highly cosmopolitan, with expatriates constituting a large majority from countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and the United Kingdom. Islam is the official religion, with the Maliki school of jurisprudence predominant. Cultural institutions include the Cultural Foundation and the Louvre Abu Dhabi, which operates under an agreement with the Government of France. The annual Abu Dhabi Festival celebrates arts, while traditional pursuits like falconry and camel racing remain popular. The city is also home to campuses of New York University and the Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi.

Landmarks and tourism

Prominent landmarks include the white marble Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, the Emirates Palace hotel, and the Etihad Towers complex. The Corniche offers a scenic waterfront promenade, while Yas Island features attractions such as Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, Warner Bros. World Abu Dhabi, and the Yas Marina Circuit. Other notable sites are the Qasr Al Hosn fort, the Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital, and the Al Ain Oasis, a UNESCO World Heritage site located within the emirate. The Saadiyat Island cultural district is under development, slated to house the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi and the Zayed National Museum.

Category:Capitals in Asia Category:Populated places in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi Category:Port cities and towns of the Persian Gulf