Foster Auditorium

Foster Auditorium
Ttownfeen · Public domain · source
Name	Foster Auditorium
Location	University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Built	1939
Architect	D. O. Whilldin
Architecture	Art Deco
Designated nrhp	2005

Foster Auditorium is a historic building on the campus of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Completed in 1939, it is most infamously known as the site of the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door" in 1963, a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement where Governor George Wallace attempted to block the enrollment of African American students. The building's subsequent role in the peaceful integration of the university and its continued use as a campus facility underscore a complex legacy of defiance, federal authority, and eventual progress toward national unity.

History and Construction

Foster Auditorium was constructed in 1939 during the tenure of University President Richard Clarke Foster, for whom it is named. The building was designed by prominent Alabama architect D. O. Whilldin in the Art Deco style, which was popular for public buildings in that era. Its primary initial functions were to serve as the university's main indoor sports arena and a venue for large assemblies, including commencement ceremonies. The construction coincided with a period of expansion for the University of Alabama, reflecting the growth of public higher education in the American South. The auditorium quickly became a central hub for campus life, hosting basketball games, concerts, and university events for decades.

The Stand in the Schoolhouse Door

The building gained national notoriety on June 11, 1963, when Alabama Governor George Wallace staged his symbolic "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door" at its entrance. Wallace, an outspoken proponent of states' rights and segregation, physically blocked the doorway to prevent the enrollment of two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood. This act was a direct challenge to the federal government's authority to enforce desegregation following the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision. Wallace's defiance was met by the presence of Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach and, ultimately, the Alabama National Guard, which had been federalized by order of President John F. Kennedy.

Integration of the University of Alabama

The confrontation at Foster Auditorium culminated in a critical moment for the Civil Rights Movement. After delivering a proclamation defending segregation, Governor Wallace stepped aside, complying with the federalized National Guard orders. This allowed Vivian Malone and James Hood to proceed with their registration, effectively integrating the University of Alabama. The event was a significant victory for the enforcement of federal law over state resistance and marked a turning point in the struggle for civil rights in education. The peaceful resolution, enforced by federal authority, demonstrated the importance of the rule of law in maintaining national cohesion and order during a period of social upheaval.

Architectural Features and Renovations

Architecturally, Foster Auditorium is a notable example of Art Deco design, characterized by its streamlined form, geometric detailing, and use of materials like limestone and brick. For many years, it remained largely unchanged from its original 1939 construction. However, by the late 20th century, the facility had become outdated. A major renovation project was undertaken and completed in 2005. This renovation modernized the interior systems, restored historical elements, and adapted the building for new uses, including housing the university's Department of Kinesiology and providing office space. The project aimed to preserve the building's historical integrity while ensuring its functional relevance for future generations of students.

Legacy and Historical Designations

The legacy of Foster Auditorium is indelibly tied to the Civil Rights Movement. In recognition of its historical significance, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005. Furthermore, in 2005, the site was officially designated as the "Malone-Hood Plaza" and a historical marker was installed to honor Vivian Malone and James Hood. A circular drive in front of the auditorium was named the "Autherine Lucy Circle" in honor of Autherine Lucy Foster, the university's first black student, who briefly attended in 1956. These designations serve as permanent reminders of the university's difficult past and its journey toward becoming an integrated institution.

Role in Campus Life

Following its renovation, Foster Auditorium continues to play an active role in the life of the University of Alabama. While no longer a primary sports arena, it serves as a multi-purpose facility for academic and administrative functions. It houses the Department of Kinesiology, contains classrooms and faculty offices, and is used for lectures, meetings, and special events. The building stands as a physical testament to the university's history, reminding the campus community of a pivotal chapter in America's story. Its continued use symbolizes how institutions can honor their past while focusing on their educational mission, contributing to the stability and tradition of campus life.