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Tempus Programme

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Tempus Programme
NameTempus Programme
Formation1990
Extinction2013
TypeEuropean Union programme
PurposeHigher education reform
HeadquartersBrussels
Region servedEurope
Parent organizationEuropean Commission

Tempus Programme is a European Union programme that was established in 1990 to support the reform and modernization of higher education in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and other regions. The programme was designed to promote cooperation between universities in the European Union and those in partner countries, such as Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. The Tempus Programme was managed by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Education and Culture, in collaboration with organizations like the European University Association and the European Students' Union. The programme's activities were also supported by other European Union initiatives, such as the Erasmus Programme and the Lifelong Learning Programme.

Introduction

The Tempus Programme was launched in response to the significant changes taking place in Europe during the late 1980s and early 1990s, including the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The programme's introduction was also influenced by the Bologna Process, which aimed to create a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by promoting cooperation and convergence among European higher education systems. The Tempus Programme worked closely with other European organizations, such as the Council of Europe and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), to achieve its objectives. The programme's activities were also aligned with the Lisbon Strategy, which aimed to make the European Union the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world.

History

The Tempus Programme has a long history of supporting higher education reform in partner countries, dating back to the early 1990s. The programme's first phase (1990-1994) focused on supporting the development of higher education systems in Central and Eastern Europe, including countries like Poland, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The second phase (1994-1998) expanded the programme's scope to include other regions, such as the Balkans and Caucasus. The programme's third phase (1998-2006) introduced new priorities, such as the development of Bologna Process-compliant degree structures and the promotion of European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). The Tempus Programme also worked closely with other European Union programmes, such as the Phare Programme and the Tacis Programme, to support the development of higher education systems in partner countries.

Objectives

The Tempus Programme had several objectives, including the promotion of higher education reform, the development of European Higher Education Area (EHEA)-compliant degree structures, and the enhancement of cooperation between universities in the European Union and those in partner countries. The programme also aimed to promote the use of European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) and the development of Diploma Supplement. The Tempus Programme worked closely with organizations like the European University Association and the European Students' Union to achieve its objectives, and its activities were also supported by other European Union initiatives, such as the Erasmus Programme and the Lifelong Learning Programme. The programme's objectives were aligned with the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy, and its activities were also influenced by the work of organizations like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank.

Structure

The Tempus Programme was managed by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Education and Culture, in collaboration with organizations like the European University Association and the European Students' Union. The programme's structure included a number of components, such as the Tempus National Offices, which were responsible for promoting the programme's activities in partner countries. The programme also had a number of Tempus Contact Points, which provided information and support to universities and other organizations participating in the programme. The Tempus Programme worked closely with other European Union programmes, such as the Erasmus Programme and the Lifelong Learning Programme, and its activities were also supported by organizations like the Council of Europe and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

Impact

The Tempus Programme had a significant impact on the development of higher education systems in partner countries, including the introduction of Bologna Process-compliant degree structures and the promotion of European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). The programme also supported the development of Diploma Supplement and the enhancement of cooperation between universities in the European Union and those in partner countries. The Tempus Programme's activities were also influenced by the work of organizations like the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Bank, and its impact was felt in countries like Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. The programme's impact was also recognized by organizations like the European University Association and the European Students' Union, which worked closely with the Tempus Programme to achieve its objectives.

Participation

The Tempus Programme involved a wide range of participants, including universities, research institutions, and other organizations from the European Union and partner countries. The programme's activities were also supported by organizations like the Council of Europe and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and its participation was open to countries like Poland, Hungary, and Czech Republic. The Tempus Programme worked closely with other European Union programmes, such as the Erasmus Programme and the Lifelong Learning Programme, and its participation was also influenced by the Bologna Process and the Lisbon Strategy. The programme's participation was recognized by organizations like the European University Association and the European Students' Union, which worked closely with the Tempus Programme to achieve its objectives. The Tempus Programme's participation also involved countries like Turkey, Israel, and Jordan, which were eligible to participate in the programme's activities.

Category:European Union programmes