State Duma

State Duma. The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, and it plays a crucial role in the country's legislative process, working closely with the Federation Council and the President of Russia. The Duma has its roots in the Russian Empire, with the first Russian Constitution of 1906 establishing the State Duma of the Russian Empire, which was influenced by the French Third Republic and the British Parliament. The modern State Duma was established by the Constitution of Russia, which was adopted in 1993, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Russian Federation.

● History of

the State Duma The history of the State Duma dates back to the early 20th century, when the Russian Revolution of 1905 led to the establishment of the first State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1906, with Sergei Witte as the first Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire. The Duma was influenced by the German Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and it played a significant role in the Russian Revolution of 1917, which led to the establishment of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union. The modern State Duma was established in 1993, with the first elections held in December 1993, and Ivan Rybkin as the first Chairman of the State Duma. The Duma has been influenced by the European Union and the Council of Europe, and it has played a crucial role in shaping Russia's foreign policy, including its relations with the United States, the People's Republic of China, and the European Union.

● Composition and Structure

The State Duma is composed of 450 deputies, who are elected by proportional representation for a term of five years, with the most recent elections held in 2021 Russian legislative election. The Duma is led by the Chairman of the State Duma, who is currently Vyacheslav Volodin, and it has a number of committees, including the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Defense. The Duma works closely with the Federation Council, which is the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, and it is influenced by the Supreme Court of Russia and the Constitutional Court of Russia. The Duma has been influenced by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the United States Congress, and it has played a significant role in shaping Russia's domestic policy, including its relations with the Chechen Republic and the North Caucasus Federal District.

● Powers and Functions

The State Duma has a number of powers and functions, including the power to pass laws, approve the federal budget, and exercise parliamentary control over the Government of Russia. The Duma also has the power to approve the appointment of the Prime Minister of Russia and other members of the government, and it plays a crucial role in shaping Russia's foreign policy, including its relations with the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. The Duma works closely with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and it is influenced by the Security Council of Russia and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The Duma has been influenced by the European Parliament and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, and it has played a significant role in shaping Russia's national security policy, including its relations with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

● Election Process

The election process for the State Duma is based on proportional representation, with voters casting ballots for a party list, and the seats are allocated based on the number of votes received by each party, with a threshold of 5% for parties to enter the Duma. The most recent elections were held in 2021 Russian legislative election, and they were won by the United Russia party, which is led by Dmitry Medvedev. The elections were monitored by the Central Election Commission of Russia and the Election Observation Mission, and they were influenced by the European Union's election observation mission and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights. The Duma has been influenced by the German Bundestag and the Italian Parliament, and it has played a significant role in shaping Russia's electoral system, including its relations with the Election Commission of Russia and the Federal Registration Service.

● Current Composition

The current composition of the State Duma is based on the results of the 2021 Russian legislative election, with the United Russia party holding the majority of seats, followed by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, and the A Just Russia — For Truth party. The Duma also includes a number of independent deputies, who are not affiliated with any party, and it is influenced by the Russian Orthodox Church and the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation. The Duma has been influenced by the French National Assembly and the Spanish Congress of Deputies, and it has played a significant role in shaping Russia's economic policy, including its relations with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

● Role

in the Russian Government The State Duma plays a crucial role in the Russian Government, working closely with the President of Russia and the Government of Russia to shape the country's domestic and foreign policy. The Duma is responsible for passing laws, approving the federal budget, and exercising parliamentary control over the government, and it is influenced by the Constitutional Court of Russia and the Supreme Court of Russia. The Duma has been influenced by the United States Congress and the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and it has played a significant role in shaping Russia's national security policy, including its relations with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The Duma works closely with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and it is influenced by the Security Council of Russia and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, including Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Medvedev, and Sergey Lavrov. Category:Russian legislative bodies