Scratch (programming language)
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| Scratch (programming language) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Scratch |
| Paradigm | Event-driven, Object-oriented |
| Designed by | Mitchel Resnick, John Maloney |
| Developer | MIT Media Lab |
| First appeared | 2007 |
| Typing | Dynamic |
| Platform | Cross-platform |
| Operating system | Windows, macOS, Linux |
| File extension | .sb, .sb2, .sb3 |
| Website | scratch.mit.edu |
Scratch (programming language) is a high-level, block-based programming language developed by MIT Media Lab under the guidance of Mitchel Resnick and John Maloney. It is designed for children and young adults to learn programming concepts, such as algorithms, data structures, and object-oriented programming, through a visual interface. Scratch is widely used in educational institutions, including Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Stanford University, to teach programming fundamentals. The language is also used by Google, Microsoft, and NASA to promote computer science education and STEM education.
Introduction
Scratch is an event-driven programming language that allows users to create interactive stories, animations, and games using a drag-and-drop interface. The language is based on the concept of blocks, which are similar to Lego bricks, and can be combined to create complex programs. Scratch is often compared to other programming languages, such as Java, Python, and JavaScript, but its unique visual interface makes it more accessible to beginners. The language is also used by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University, University of California, Berkeley, and University of Cambridge to study human-computer interaction and computer science education.
History
The development of Scratch began in 2003 at MIT Media Lab, where Mitchel Resnick and John Maloney led a team of researchers and developers. The first version of Scratch was released in 2007, and it quickly gained popularity among educators and students. Since then, Scratch has undergone several updates, including the release of Scratch 2.0 in 2013 and Scratch 3.0 in 2019. The language has been translated into over 40 languages, including Spanish, French, German, Chinese, and Japanese, and is used by millions of users worldwide, including students at Oxford University, University of Tokyo, and Australian National University.
Features
Scratch has several features that make it an ideal language for beginners, including a block-based interface, sprite-based programming, and a drag-and-drop editor. The language also includes a range of libraries and extensions, such as pen extension, music extension, and video sensing extension, which allow users to create complex programs. Scratch also supports cloud computing, allowing users to share and collaborate on projects with others. The language is also used by developers at Facebook, Apple, and Amazon to create educational tools and games.
Applications
Scratch has a wide range of applications, including education, research, and entertainment. The language is used in classrooms around the world to teach programming concepts, and is also used by researchers to study human-computer interaction and computer science education. Scratch is also used to create games, animations, and interactive stories, and has been used by developers at Disney, Pixar, and Nintendo to create educational games and entertainment software. The language is also used by organizations such as Code.org, Computer Science Teachers Association, and National Center for Women & Information Technology to promote computer science education and diversity in tech.
Community
The Scratch community is a vibrant and active group of users, including students, educators, and developers. The community is supported by MIT Media Lab, which provides a range of resources and tools for users, including tutorials, forums, and wiki. The community is also home to a range of projects and initiatives, including Scratch Day, Scratch Conference, and ScratchEd, which aim to promote computer science education and digital literacy. The community is also supported by organizations such as Google, Microsoft, and NASA, which provide funding and resources for Scratch-related projects.
Development
The development of Scratch is an ongoing process, with a team of researchers and developers at MIT Media Lab working to improve and expand the language. The team is led by Mitchel Resnick and John Maloney, and includes developers and researchers from around the world. The development of Scratch is also supported by a range of partners, including Google, Microsoft, and NASA, which provide funding and resources for Scratch-related projects. The language is also used by developers at Facebook, Apple, and Amazon to create educational tools and games, and is supported by organizations such as Code.org, Computer Science Teachers Association, and National Center for Women & Information Technology.