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Robert Costanza

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Robert Costanza
NameRobert Costanza
OccupationEcological economist
NationalityAmerican
InstitutionAustralian National University, Portland State University

Robert Costanza is a prominent ecological economist known for his work on ecosystem services and sustainable development. He has held academic positions at various institutions, including the Australian National University and Portland State University, and has collaborated with numerous organizations, such as the World Bank and the United Nations Environment Programme. His research has been influenced by the work of Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and Herman Daly, and has in turn influenced the development of green economy and circular economy concepts. He has also worked with Paul Ehrlich and Gretchen Daily on issues related to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management.

● Early Life and Education

Robert Costanza was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and grew up in a family that valued environmentalism and social justice. He pursued his undergraduate degree in environmental engineering at St. Francis College, and later earned his Master's degree in systems ecology from the University of Florida. He then moved to the University of Maryland to pursue his Ph.D. in ecological economics, where he was influenced by the work of Kenneth Boulding and Garrett Hardin. During his time at the University of Maryland, he also interacted with Herman Daly and John Cobb, who were working on the Steady State Economics concept.

● Career

Robert Costanza's career has spanned over three decades, during which he has held various academic and research positions. He started his career as a research associate at the University of Maryland, where he worked on projects related to ecosystem modeling and environmental policy. He then moved to Louisiana State University as an assistant professor, where he taught courses on ecological economics and environmental science. In the 1990s, he joined the University of Maryland as a professor, where he worked on the development of the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) concept, in collaboration with Herman Daly and John Cobb. He has also worked with Amory Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute on issues related to energy efficiency and renewable energy.

● Research and Contributions

Robert Costanza's research has focused on the development of ecological economics as a distinct field of study. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of ecosystem services and their role in sustainable development. His work on the value of ecosystem services has been widely cited, and has influenced the development of payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs, such as the United Nations Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program. He has also worked on the development of alternative indicators of economic performance, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), which has been used by organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. His research has been influenced by the work of E.F. Schumacher and Milton Friedman, and has in turn influenced the development of green economy and circular economy concepts, as well as the work of Tim Jackson and the Sustainable Development Commission.

● Awards and Honors

Robert Costanza has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to ecological economics and sustainable development. He was awarded the Kenneth Boulding Memorial Award by the International Society for Ecological Economics in 1999, and the Gund Institute for Ecological Economics Award for Outstanding Contributions to Ecological Economics in 2002. He has also received the University of Maryland Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Award and the Australian National University Vice-Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Research. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Ecological Society of America, and has served on the editorial boards of journals such as Ecological Economics and Environmental Science & Policy, as well as the Journal of Economic Issues and the Journal of Environmental Economics.

● Selected Works

Some of Robert Costanza's notable works include The Value of the World's Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital (1997), which estimated the value of ecosystem services to be around US$33 trillion per year, and An Introduction to Ecological Economics (1997), which provided an overview of the field of ecological economics. He has also co-authored books such as Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability (1991) with Herman Daly, and Investing in Natural Capital: The Ecological Economics Approach to Sustainability (1996) with Bruce Kendall. His work has been published in numerous journals, including Nature, Science, and Ecological Economics, as well as the Journal of Environmental Economics and the Journal of Economic Issues. He has also contributed to reports such as the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report, and has worked with organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund and the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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