Program on International Law and Armed Conflict
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Program on International Law and Armed Conflict is a research initiative based at Harvard Law School, founded by Gabriella Blum and Ben Wittes, that examines the intersection of international law and armed conflict, with a focus on counterterrorism, cyberwarfare, and international humanitarian law. The program is part of the Harvard University community, which includes institutions such as the John F. Kennedy School of Government and the Harvard School of Public Health. The program's work is informed by the expertise of scholars such as Philip Alston, Christine Gray, and Theodore Meron, who have made significant contributions to the field of international law.
● Overview
The program's research agenda is shaped by the complexities of modern armed conflict, including the role of non-state actors such as al-Qaeda and ISIS, and the impact of emerging technologies such as drones and artificial intelligence on the conduct of warfare. The program's work is informed by the principles of international humanitarian law, as reflected in treaties such as the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, and the jurisprudence of institutions such as the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. Scholars such as Antonio Cassese, Geoffrey Robertson, and William Schabas have made significant contributions to the development of international criminal law, which is a key area of focus for the program. The program also engages with the work of organizations such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
● History
The program was established in response to the changing nature of armed conflict in the 21st century, including the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War, and the need for a more nuanced understanding of the intersection of international law and national security. The program's founders, Gabriella Blum and Ben Wittes, drew on their expertise in international law and national security law to shape the program's research agenda, which is informed by the work of scholars such as John Yoo, Ruth Wedgwood, and David Scheffer. The program has also been influenced by the work of institutions such as the Brookings Institution and the Center for Strategic and International Studies, which have made significant contributions to the study of international security and global governance. The program's history is also marked by its engagement with the work of NATO, the European Union, and other international organizations that play a critical role in shaping the global security landscape.
● Research and Publications
The program's research focuses on a range of topics, including the law of armed conflict, counterterrorism, and cyberwarfare, and has produced a number of publications, including books, articles, and policy briefs, that have been influential in shaping the debate on these issues. The program's research is informed by the work of scholars such as Daniel Byman, Peter Bergen, and Bruce Hoffman, who have made significant contributions to the study of terrorism and counterterrorism. The program has also published research on the intersection of international law and new technologies, including the use of drones and artificial intelligence in warfare, and has engaged with the work of institutions such as the Stanford Law School and the University of California, Berkeley School of Law. The program's publications have been cited by scholars such as Noam Chomsky, Richard Falk, and Martha Nussbaum, who have made significant contributions to the study of international relations and global justice.
● Education and Training
The program offers a range of educational and training opportunities, including courses, workshops, and seminars, that are designed to equip students and practitioners with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the complex intersection of international law and armed conflict. The program's educational offerings are informed by the expertise of scholars such as David Kennedy, Harold Koh, and Sally Engle Merry, who have made significant contributions to the study of international law and global governance. The program has also partnered with institutions such as the United States Military Academy and the Naval War College to offer training and education programs for military personnel and government officials. The program's educational offerings have been influenced by the work of organizations such as the International Institute of Humanitarian Law and the Institute for International Law and Justice.
● Partnerships and Collaborations
The program has established partnerships with a range of organizations, including human rights organizations such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, and think tanks such as the Brookings Institution and the Center for Strategic and International Studies. The program has also collaborated with institutions such as the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, which have made significant contributions to the study of international law and global governance. The program's partnerships and collaborations are designed to leverage the expertise and resources of these organizations to advance the program's research agenda and to promote a more nuanced understanding of the intersection of international law and armed conflict. The program has also engaged with the work of Nobel laureates such as Barack Obama and Malala Yousafzai, who have made significant contributions to the promotion of peace and human rights.
● Areas of Focus
The program's research and educational offerings focus on a range of areas, including the law of armed conflict, counterterrorism, and cyberwarfare, as well as the intersection of international law and new technologies. The program is also concerned with the impact of armed conflict on civilian populations, and the role of humanitarian law in protecting civilians and promoting human rights. The program's work is informed by the principles of international humanitarian law, as reflected in treaties such as the Geneva Conventions and the Hague Conventions, and the jurisprudence of institutions such as the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court. Scholars such as Hans Kelsen, Myres McDougal, and Louis Henkin have made significant contributions to the development of international law, which is a key area of focus for the program. The program has also engaged with the work of organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank, which have made significant contributions to the promotion of sustainable development and global governance.