Oxford English Dictionary
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| Oxford English Dictionary | |
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| Name | Oxford English Dictionary |
| Author | James Murray, Henry Bradley, William Craigie, C. T. Onions |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press |
| Publication date | 1884–1928 |
Oxford English Dictionary is a comprehensive dictionary of the English language, covering its development from Old English to the present day, with contributions from renowned scholars such as James Murray, Henry Bradley, William Craigie, and C. T. Onions, published by Oxford University Press. The dictionary is considered one of the most authoritative and respected references for the English language, with a rich history dating back to the Victorian era, and has been widely used by scholars, writers, and linguists, including J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Virginia Woolf. The dictionary's development was influenced by the work of earlier lexicographers, such as Samuel Johnson and Noah Webster, and has been praised by notable figures, including Winston Churchill, George Orwell, and T. S. Eliot. The dictionary's publication was also supported by institutions such as the British Academy and the Royal Society.
History
The history of the dictionary began in the mid-19th century, when the Philological Society of London decided to create a comprehensive dictionary of the English language, with the help of scholars such as Frederick James Furnivall and Richard Chenevix Trench, who were influenced by the work of William Shakespeare and John Milton. The project was initially led by Herbert Coleridge, who was a nephew of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and later by James Murray, who was a prominent figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, and had connections to the University of Edinburgh and the British Museum. The dictionary was published in fascicles, with the first installment appearing in 1884, and the final installment in 1928, with contributions from scholars such as William Paton Ker and Lascelles Abercrombie, who were associated with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The dictionary's development was also influenced by the work of other scholars, such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield, who were associated with the University of Geneva and the University of Chicago.
Compilation
The compilation of the dictionary was a massive undertaking, involving the contributions of hundreds of scholars and researchers, including William Craigie and C. T. Onions, who were associated with the University of Chicago and the British Library. The team of researchers, led by James Murray, pored over a vast array of texts, including the works of William Shakespeare, John Milton, and Jane Austen, as well as newspapers, magazines, and other publications, such as the Times of London and the Spectator. They also drew on the expertise of specialists in various fields, such as linguistics, philology, and history, including scholars such as Napier Shaw and Henry Sweet, who were associated with the University of London and the University of Oxford. The dictionary's entries were carefully crafted to provide a detailed and accurate account of the development and usage of each word, with references to the works of notable authors, such as Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, and Joseph Conrad.
Structure
The structure of the dictionary is characterized by its comprehensive and detailed entries, which provide a wealth of information on the development, usage, and meaning of each word, with references to the works of scholars such as Eric Partridge and Noam Chomsky, who were associated with the University of London and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Each entry typically includes a definition, etymology, and quotations illustrating the word's usage, as well as references to the works of notable authors, such as T. S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, and Ezra Pound. The dictionary also includes a range of appendices and supplements, such as the Additions Series, which was edited by Robert Burchfield, and the Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary, which was edited by R. W. Burchfield, who were associated with the University of Oxford and the British Academy.
Updates_and_Revisions
The dictionary has undergone several updates and revisions since its initial publication, with new editions and supplements being published regularly, including the Second Edition, which was published in 1989, and the Additions Series, which was published in the 1990s, with contributions from scholars such as Jesse Sheidlower and Patrick Hanks, who were associated with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The dictionary's editors have also made use of new technologies, such as computing and digital databases, to improve the dictionary's coverage and accuracy, with the help of institutions such as the Oxford University Computing Services and the British Library. The dictionary's online version, which was launched in 2000, has also made it possible for users to access the dictionary's entries and updates more easily, with the help of organizations such as the Jisc and the Higher Education Funding Council for England.
Impact_and_Influence
The dictionary has had a profound impact on the study of the English language, and has been widely used by scholars, writers, and linguists, including J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, and Virginia Woolf, who were associated with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The dictionary's influence can be seen in the work of many other dictionaries and reference works, such as the Merriam-Webster Dictionary and the Cambridge Dictionary, which were published by Merriam-Webster and Cambridge University Press. The dictionary has also been praised by notable figures, including Winston Churchill, George Orwell, and T. S. Eliot, who were associated with the British government and the Nobel Prize in Literature. The dictionary's impact has also been recognized by institutions such as the British Academy and the Royal Society, which have awarded the dictionary's editors and contributors numerous honors and awards, including the Order of the British Empire and the Fellow of the Royal Society.
Digital_Edition
The digital edition of the dictionary, which was launched in 2000, has made it possible for users to access the dictionary's entries and updates more easily, with the help of organizations such as the Jisc and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The online version of the dictionary includes a range of features, such as search and browse functions, as well as links to other online resources, such as the Oxford University Press website and the British Library website. The dictionary's digital edition has also made it possible for users to access the dictionary's archives and historical records, including the Oxford English Dictionary Archive, which is housed at the Bodleian Library, and the Oxford University Press Archive, which is housed at the Oxford University Press headquarters. The dictionary's digital edition has been widely praised by scholars and users, including Noam Chomsky and Steven Pinker, who are associated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Harvard University.