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Operation Southern Watch

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Operation Southern Watch
Operation Southern Watch
source
ConflictOperation Southern Watch
Part ofGulf War
Date1992-2003
PlaceSouthern Iraq
ResultIraqi no-fly zone enforced

Operation Southern Watch was a military operation conducted by the United States, United Kingdom, and France to enforce the Iraqi no-fly zone in Southern Iraq. The operation was established in 1992, after the Gulf War, to protect the Shiite Muslims in the region from Saddam Hussein's regime. It involved the use of F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter jets, as well as AWACS aircraft, to monitor and control the airspace over Southern Iraq. The operation was also supported by Royal Air Force and French Air Force units, including the Mirage 2000 and Tornado GR1.

● Introduction

The operation was part of a broader effort to contain Saddam Hussein's regime and protect the people of Iraq from his rule. It was conducted in conjunction with Operation Northern Watch, which enforced the no-fly zone in Northern Iraq to protect the Kurdish people. The operation involved the use of aircraft carriers, such as the USS Nimitz and USS Kitty Hawk, to launch sorties over Iraq. The United States Air Force played a key role in the operation, with units such as the 4th Fighter Wing and 355th Fighter Wing participating. The operation was also supported by Royal Saudi Air Force and Turkish Air Force units, including the F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-4 Phantom II.

● Background

The operation was established in response to the Gulf War, which was sparked by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The war was fought by a coalition of countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Saudi Arabia, and resulted in the liberation of Kuwait. However, the war also led to a significant increase in tensions between Iraq and the international community, and the establishment of the no-fly zones was seen as a way to contain Saddam Hussein's regime. The operation was also influenced by the Iran-Iraq War, which had ended in 1988, and the Gulf War ceasefire, which had been negotiated by United Nations diplomats, including Boutros Boutros-Ghali and Kofi Annan.

● Operations

The operation involved the use of a range of military assets, including fighter jets, bombers, and airlift aircraft. The United States Air Force played a key role in the operation, with units such as the 1st Fighter Wing and 48th Fighter Wing participating. The operation was also supported by Royal Air Force and French Air Force units, including the Tornado GR1 and Mirage 2000. The United States Navy also played a significant role in the operation, with aircraft carriers such as the USS Enterprise and USS Theodore Roosevelt launching sorties over Iraq. The operation was coordinated by United States Central Command, which was led by General Norman Schwarzkopf and General Tommy Franks.

● Incidents

During the operation, there were several incidents involving Iraqi air defense systems and coalition aircraft. In 1992, a United States Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcon was shot down by an Iraqi surface-to-air missile, and the pilot, Captain Scott Speicher, was killed. In 1997, a Royal Air Force Tornado GR1 was shot down by an Iraqi surface-to-air missile, and the crew, Flight Lieutenant Nigel Risdale and Squadron Leader Ian Henderson, were killed. The operation also involved several aerial combat incidents, including a dogfight between a United States Air Force F-15 Eagle and an Iraqi Air Force MiG-25.

● Aftermath

The operation ended in 2003, when the United States and its allies launched Operation Iraqi Freedom, which resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. The operation was seen as a success, as it had helped to contain Saddam Hussein's regime and protect the people of Iraq from his rule. However, the operation was also criticized for its impact on the Iraqi civilian population, who suffered as a result of the economic sanctions imposed on Iraq by the United Nations. The operation was also influenced by the September 11 attacks, which led to a significant increase in tensions between the United States and Iraq. The United States Department of State, led by Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice, played a key role in shaping the operation's strategy.

● Conclusion

In conclusion, Operation Southern Watch was a significant military operation that played a key role in containing Saddam Hussein's regime and protecting the people of Iraq. The operation involved the use of a range of military assets, including fighter jets, bombers, and airlift aircraft, and was supported by a coalition of countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, and France. The operation was influenced by a range of factors, including the Gulf War, the Iran-Iraq War, and the September 11 attacks, and was coordinated by United States Central Command and the United States Department of State. The operation's legacy continues to be felt today, with the United States and its allies remaining committed to protecting the people of Iraq and promoting stability in the region, through organizations such as the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Category:Military operations involving the United States

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