New Order (Nazism)

New Order (Nazism) was a concept developed by the Nazi Party under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, aiming to establish a new international order based on Nazi ideology. This concept was rooted in the ideas of Lebensraum, Racial hygiene, and Antisemitism, which were central to the Nazi Party's Ideology of Nazism. The New Order was closely tied to the Foreign policy of Nazi Germany, which involved the expansion of Germany's territory through the Invasion of Poland, Battle of France, and Operation Barbarossa against the Soviet Union.

Concept and ideological foundations

The New Order was based on the principles of Social Darwinism, which emphasized the struggle for survival and the dominance of the strongest nations, as described by Herbert Spencer and Thomas Malthus. This ideology was influenced by the works of Arthur de Gobineau, Houston Stewart Chamberlain, and Alfred Rosenberg, who wrote about the superiority of the Aryan race. The New Order also drew inspiration from the Treaty of Versailles, which was seen as an unjust imposition on Germany by the Allies of World War I, including United Kingdom, France, and the United States. The Nazi Party's vision for the New Order was outlined in Mein Kampf, written by Adolf Hitler, and in the Nuremberg Laws, which institutionalized Antisemitism and Racial segregation in Germany.

Planned territorial reorganization

The New Order envisioned a radical reorganization of the European continent, with Germany as the dominant power, as outlined in the Generalplan Ost. This plan involved the annexation of territories from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union, and the establishment of Reichskommissariats in Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic states. The New Order also aimed to create a network of Autobahns and Rail transport systems to facilitate the movement of goods and troops across the continent, as envisioned by Fritz Todt and Albert Speer. The Nazi Party's plans for territorial reorganization were influenced by the ideas of Geopolitics, developed by Halford Mackinder and Karl Haushofer, and by the Munich Agreement, which allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.

Implementation in occupied Europe

The New Order was implemented in occupied Europe through a combination of Military occupation, Economic exploitation, and Cultural suppression. The Nazi Party established a network of Concentration camps, including Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, and Buchenwald, to imprison and exterminate Jews, Romani people, and other perceived enemies of the Nazi regime. The New Order also involved the exploitation of occupied territories for Natural resources, such as Coal mining in Poland and Oil production in Romania. The Nazi Party's implementation of the New Order was facilitated by Collaborationism with local authorities, such as the Vichy France regime led by Philippe Pétain, and by the Waffen-SS, which recruited volunteers from across Europe, including Norway, Denmark, and Netherlands.

Collaboration and resistance

The New Order was met with varying degrees of Collaborationism and Resistance across occupied Europe. Some individuals and groups, such as the French Resistance and the Polish Underground State, actively resisted the Nazi occupation, while others, such as the Quisling regime in Norway and the Arrow Cross Party in Hungary, collaborated with the Nazi Party. The New Order also sparked a wave of Partisan warfare and Guerrilla warfare across the continent, involving groups such as the Soviet partisans and the Yugoslav Partisans. The Nazi Party's response to resistance involved the use of Collective punishment, such as the Lidice massacre in Czechoslovakia and the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre in France.

Post-war legacy and historiography

The New Order had a profound impact on the course of World War II and the subsequent Cold War. The Nuremberg trials and the Tokyo trials held after the war prosecuted top Nazi officials and Japanese officials for War crimes and Crimes against humanity committed during the implementation of the New Order. The New Order also influenced the development of the European Union and the United Nations, which aimed to prevent similar conflicts and promote international cooperation, as envisioned by Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin at the Yalta Conference and the Potsdam Conference. The historiography of the New Order has been shaped by the works of Historians such as Ian Kershaw, Richard J. Evans, and Timothy Snyder, who have written extensively on the Nazi Party, World War II, and the Holocaust. Category:World War II