National Assembly of Vietnam

National Assembly of Vietnam is the highest representative body of the People's Republic of China-backed Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, founded on January 6, 1946, by Ho Chi Minh. The assembly is a unicameral body, comprising Vietnamese Fatherland Front-approved candidates, with its operations guided by the Constitution of Vietnam, Vietnamese Communist Party, and Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The National Assembly convenes at the Ba Đình Hall in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, and is headed by a chairman, currently Vương Đình Huệ, who is also a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

● History

The National Assembly of Vietnam has its roots in the Viet Minh, a coalition of Vietnamese nationalist groups, led by Ho Chi Minh, that fought for Vietnamese independence against the French colonial empire during the First Indochina War. After the Geneva Conference in 1954, the assembly was divided into the North Vietnam and South Vietnam legislatures, with the National Assembly of South Vietnam being established in 1955. The two assemblies were reunified in 1976, after the Fall of Saigon and the Reunification of Vietnam, under the Communist Party of Vietnam. The assembly has undergone several transformations, with significant changes occurring after the Đổi Mới economic reforms, introduced by Nguyễn Văn Linh in 1986, and the Vietnamese economic crisis of the 1980s. Key figures, such as Lê Duẩn, Trường Chinh, and Phạm Văn Đồng, have played important roles in shaping the assembly's history and operations.

● Structure

The National Assembly of Vietnam is composed of 498 members, who are elected by the people for a term of five years, with the most recent election being the 2021 Vietnamese legislative election. The assembly is headed by a chairman, who is assisted by a number of vice chairmen, including Trần Thanh Mẫn and Nguyễn Khắc Định. The assembly also has a number of committees, such as the Committee on Legal Affairs, the Committee on Economic Affairs, and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, which are responsible for scrutinizing bills and overseeing the implementation of laws. The assembly's operations are also guided by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam, and the Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam.

● Powers_and_Functions

The National Assembly of Vietnam has a range of powers and functions, including the power to make laws, approve the state budget, and oversee the implementation of laws. The assembly also has the power to elect and remove the President of Vietnam, the Prime Minister of Vietnam, and other high-ranking officials, such as the Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam. The assembly's powers are guided by the Constitution of Vietnam, which was adopted in 2013 and amended in 2015. Key institutions, such as the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam, and the State Audit Office of Vietnam, also play important roles in the assembly's operations.

● Legislative_Process

The legislative process in the National Assembly of Vietnam involves several stages, including the introduction of bills, debate, and voting. Bills can be introduced by the Government of Vietnam, the Supreme People's Court of Vietnam, or the Supreme People's Procuracy of Vietnam, and must be approved by the assembly before they can become law. The assembly also has the power to amend or reject bills, and can request the government to revise or withdraw bills. Key figures, such as Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, and Phạm Minh Chính, have played important roles in shaping the legislative process.

● Elections

Elections to the National Assembly of Vietnam are held every five years, with the most recent election being the 2021 Vietnamese legislative election. The elections are overseen by the National Election Council, which is responsible for ensuring the integrity and transparency of the electoral process. Candidates must be approved by the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, and must meet certain eligibility criteria, such as being a Vietnamese citizen and being at least 21 years old. The elections are also guided by the Law on Elections of Deputies to the National Assembly and People's Councils, which was adopted in 2015.

● Members

Members of the National Assembly of Vietnam are elected by the people for a term of five years, and must be at least 21 years old and a Vietnamese citizen. Members are expected to represent the interests of their constituents, and to participate in the legislative process. The assembly has a number of female members, including Tòng Thị Phóng and Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngân, who have played important roles in shaping the assembly's operations. Key institutions, such as the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, the Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, and the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, also provide training and support for members.