National Assembly (Germany)
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| National Assembly (Germany) | |
|---|---|
.png) | |
| Name | National Assembly |
| Native name | Nationalversammlung |
| Country | Germany |
| Leader1 type | President |
| Leader1 | Friedrich Ebert |
National Assembly (Germany). The National Assembly, also known as the Weimar National Assembly, was a constitutional convention and Reichstag that existed from 1919 to 1920 in Weimar, Germany. It was convened after the end of World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, with the goal of creating a new Constitution of Germany. The assembly was composed of representatives from various parties, including the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the German Democratic Party, and the Centre Party (Germany), and was influenced by prominent figures such as Friedrich Ebert, Philipp Scheidemann, and Gustav Stresemann.
● History
The National Assembly was established on January 19, 1919, in Weimar, Germany, and was tasked with creating a new constitution for Germany after the collapse of the German Empire. The assembly was influenced by the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Spartacist uprising, and was shaped by the ideas of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and Rosa Luxemburg. Key figures such as Eugen Schiffer, Hugo Preuß, and Konrad Adenauer played important roles in the assembly's deliberations, which were also influenced by the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. The assembly's work was also impacted by the Kapp Putsch and the Ruhr uprising, and was supported by organizations such as the General German Trade Union Confederation and the German People's Party.
● Composition
The National Assembly was composed of 421 members, who were elected by the people of Germany on January 19, 1919. The assembly was dominated by the Social Democratic Party of Germany, which held 163 seats, followed by the Centre Party (Germany), which held 91 seats, and the German Democratic Party, which held 75 seats. Other parties represented in the assembly included the German National People's Party, the German People's Party, and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, which were influenced by figures such as Gustav Noske, Walther Rathenau, and Matthias Erzberger. The assembly also included representatives from various interest groups, such as the Reichslandbund and the Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag, and was supported by organizations such as the Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church in Germany.
● Powers and Functions
The National Assembly had the power to create a new constitution for Germany, which was adopted on August 11, 1919, and became known as the Weimar Constitution. The assembly also had the power to pass laws and approve the Reich budget, and was responsible for overseeing the Reich government and the Reich president. Key figures such as Friedrich Ebert, Hans Luther, and Heinrich Brüning played important roles in shaping the assembly's powers and functions, which were influenced by the Treaty of Versailles and the Dawes Plan. The assembly's work was also impacted by the Young Plan and the Lausanne Conference, and was supported by organizations such as the Bank for International Settlements and the International Labour Organization.
● Legislative Process
The legislative process in the National Assembly involved the introduction of bills by the Reich government or by members of the assembly, which were then debated and voted on by the assembly. The assembly also had the power to amend or reject bills, and to approve or reject the Reich budget. Key figures such as Gustav Stresemann, Konrad Adenauer, and Ludwig Kaas played important roles in shaping the assembly's legislative process, which was influenced by the Reichstag and the Bundesrat. The assembly's work was also impacted by the German Federal Court and the Reich Audit Office, and was supported by organizations such as the German Bar Association and the Federal Association of German Industry.
● Notable Elections
The most notable election held by the National Assembly was the election of Friedrich Ebert as Reich President on February 11, 1919, which was influenced by the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Centre Party (Germany). Other notable elections included the election of Philipp Scheidemann as Chancellor of Germany on February 13, 1919, and the election of Gustav Bauer as Chancellor of Germany on June 21, 1919. The assembly's elections were also influenced by figures such as Eugen Schiffer, Hugo Preuß, and Konrad Adenauer, and were supported by organizations such as the General German Trade Union Confederation and the German People's Party. The assembly's work was also impacted by the 1920 German federal election and the 1924 German federal election, which were influenced by the Nazi Party and the Communist Party of Germany.