Mission Revival

Mission Revival is a architectural style that originated in the late 19th century, inspired by the California Missions and the Spanish Colonial Revival style, which was popularized by architects such as Bertram Goodhue and Myron Hunt. The style is characterized by its use of stucco or plaster exterior, red tile roofs, and arcades with Romanesque arches, as seen in buildings like the Mission San Juan Capistrano and the Hotel del Coronado. The Mission Revival style was influenced by the works of Richard Norman Shaw and Frank Furness, and was often used in the design of buildings such as the Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley. The style was also popularized by the Panama-California Exposition and the San Diego Exposition, which featured buildings designed by Irving Gill and Julia Morgan.

Introduction

The Mission Revival style was a response to the Victorian architecture and the Eastlake style, which were popular during the late 19th century, and was influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Prairie School. The style was characterized by its use of natural materials, such as wood and stone, and its emphasis on handicraft and ornamentation, as seen in the works of Gustav Stickley and Elbert Hubbard. The Mission Revival style was also influenced by the Spanish Baroque and the Mexican architecture, and was often used in the design of buildings such as the Alamo and the Mission San Antonio de Valero. The style was popularized by architects such as John Galen Howard and Bernard Maybeck, who designed buildings like the University of California, Los Angeles and the California Palace of the Legion of Honor.

History

The Mission Revival style has its roots in the Spanish Colonial period, when the Spanish Empire built a series of missions in California and other parts of the Southwest. The style was influenced by the Baroque architecture and the Rococo style, and was characterized by its use of curvilinear forms and ornate decoration, as seen in buildings like the Mission San Luis Rey and the Mission San Diego de Alcalá. The style was also influenced by the Mexican War of Independence and the California Gold Rush, which brought a large influx of people to the region and created a demand for new buildings, such as the San Francisco Mint and the California State Capitol. The Mission Revival style was popularized by the World's Columbian Exposition and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, which featured buildings designed by Charles Follen McKim and Stanford White.

Architecture

The Mission Revival style is characterized by its use of stucco or plaster exterior, red tile roofs, and arcades with Romanesque arches, as seen in buildings like the Mission San Juan Capistrano and the Hotel del Coronado. The style often features towers and domes, and is decorated with ornate carvings and moldings, as seen in the works of Julia Morgan and Myron Hunt. The Mission Revival style was influenced by the Byzantine architecture and the Moorish Revival architecture, and was often used in the design of buildings such as the Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption and the Grace Cathedral. The style was also popularized by architects such as Bertram Goodhue and Ralph Adams Cram, who designed buildings like the California Institute of Technology and the Princeton University Chapel.

Notable Examples

Notable examples of the Mission Revival style include the Hotel del Coronado, the Mission San Juan Capistrano, and the Stanford University, which were designed by architects such as Myron Hunt and Julia Morgan. Other notable examples include the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, the de Young Museum, and the San Francisco City Hall, which were designed by architects such as Bernard Maybeck and John Galen Howard. The style was also used in the design of buildings such as the University of California, Los Angeles and the California State University, Long Beach, which were designed by architects such as George Washington Smith and Reginald Johnson. The Mission Revival style was also popularized by the Hearst Castle, which was designed by Julia Morgan and features a mix of Gothic Revival and Romanesque Revival styles.

Influence and Legacy

The Mission Revival style had a significant influence on the development of American architecture, and was popularized by architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright and Louis Sullivan. The style was also influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Prairie School, and was often used in the design of buildings such as the Robie House and the Westcott House. The Mission Revival style was also used in the design of buildings such as the California State Capitol and the San Francisco City Hall, which were designed by architects such as Milton Latham and John Galen Howard. The style was also popularized by the Panama-California Exposition and the San Diego Exposition, which featured buildings designed by Irving Gill and Bertram Goodhue.

Regional Variations

The Mission Revival style has regional variations, such as the California Mission Revival and the Southwest Mission Revival, which were influenced by the Spanish Colonial Revival and the Pueblo Revival styles. The style was also influenced by the Mexican architecture and the Native American architecture, and was often used in the design of buildings such as the Alamo and the Mission San Antonio de Valero. The Mission Revival style was popularized by architects such as John Gaw Meem and Isaac Hamilton Rapp, who designed buildings like the University of New Mexico and the Arizona State Capitol. The style was also used in the design of buildings such as the Texas State Capitol and the New Mexico State Capitol, which were designed by architects such as Elijah E. Myers and Henry C. Trost. Category:Architectural styles