Māori people

Māori people
Group	Māori people
Population	approximately 775,515
Regions	New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom, United States
Languages	Māori language, New Zealand English
Related	Polynesian peoples, Hawaiian people, Samoan people, Tahitian people

Māori people are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand, with a rich and diverse culture that spans over 700 years. They have a strong connection to their whakapapa (genealogy) and iwi (tribe), which plays a significant role in their identity and sense of belonging. The Māori people have a long history of interaction with other cultures, including the British Empire, French colonization of the Americas, and Australian Aboriginal peoples. Notable Māori individuals, such as Tamati Waka Nene, Hone Heke, and Apirana Ngata, have made significant contributions to New Zealand history.

Introduction

The Māori people have a unique and fascinating culture that is deeply rooted in their history and traditions. They are known for their intricate tā moko (tattoos) and kapa haka (performing arts), which are an integral part of their identity and cultural expression. The Māori people have also made significant contributions to the world of sports, with notable athletes such as Joe Rokocoko, Tana Umaga, and Dan Carter competing in international events like the Rugby World Cup. Additionally, Māori people have been involved in various indigenous rights movements, including the Māori protest movement and the Native American rights movement.

Origins and History

The Māori people originated from Eastern Polynesia, specifically from the Society Islands and the Cook Islands, around the 13th century. They migrated to New Zealand in large waka (canoes) and established themselves as the dominant culture. The Māori people have a rich and complex history, with significant events such as the Musket Wars, the New Zealand Wars, and the Treaty of Waitangi shaping their relationship with other cultures. Notable historical figures, such as Hongi Hika, Te Rauparaha, and Te Kooti, played important roles in shaping Māori history and their interactions with European colonizers, including the British monarchy and the French colonial empire.

Culture and Society

Māori culture is known for its strong emphasis on whānau (family) and iwi (tribe), with a focus on collectivism and communal living. The Māori people have a rich tradition of storytelling and oral history, with kaitiakitanga (guardianship) and kaitiaki (guardians) playing important roles in their cultural and environmental practices. The Māori people also have a strong connection to their ancestors and atua (gods), with tapu (sacred) and noa (ordinary) concepts influencing their daily lives. Notable Māori cultural institutions, such as the Te Papa Museum and the Auckland War Memorial Museum, showcase Māori art, history, and culture, while events like the Matariki Festival and the Auckland Arts Festival celebrate Māori creativity and performance.

Language and Arts

The Māori language is an official language of New Zealand and is known for its unique grammar and vocabulary. The Māori people have a rich tradition of music, dance, and visual arts, with kapa haka (performing arts) and taonga pūoro (musical instruments) being important aspects of their cultural expression. Notable Māori artists, such as Michael Parekowhai, Lisa Reihana, and Robyn Kahukiwa, have gained international recognition for their work, while writers like Witi Ihimaera and Alan Duff have made significant contributions to New Zealand literature. The Māori people have also been involved in various indigenous language revitalization efforts, including the Māori Language Act 1987 and the Te Ture mo te Reo Māori.

Politics and Economy

The Māori people have a complex and often contentious relationship with the New Zealand government, with issues such as land rights, self-determination, and indigenous sovereignty being major points of discussion. The Māori people have their own Māori electorates and Māori Party, which aim to promote Māori interests and advance their rights. Notable Māori politicians, such as Tariana Turia, Pita Sharples, and Te Ururoa Flavell, have played important roles in shaping Māori politics and policy, while organizations like the Māori Council and the New Zealand Māori Council work to promote Māori economic development and social justice. The Māori people have also been involved in various international indigenous organizations, including the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and the Indigenous Peoples' Biocultural Climate Change Assessment.

Demographics and Health

The Māori people make up approximately 17% of the New Zealand population, with significant communities in Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. The Māori people face various health disparities, including higher rates of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, which are often linked to socioeconomic factors and cultural determinants. Notable Māori health organizations, such as the Māori Health Authority and the National Hauora Coalition, work to address these disparities and promote Māori health and wellbeing, while events like the Māori Health Awards and the Hui Whakaoranga recognize and celebrate Māori health achievements. The Māori people have also been involved in various indigenous health research initiatives, including the Māori Health Research Unit and the Centre for Māori Health Research.

Category:Indigenous peoples of Oceania