JPEG 2000

JPEG 2000
Name	JPEG 2000
Extension	.jp2, .j2k, .jpf, .jpx, .jpm
Uniform type	public.jpeg-2000
Developer	Joint Photographic Experts Group, International Organization for Standardization, International Electrotechnical Commission
Released	2000
Extended from	JPEG
Standard	ISO/IEC 15444

JPEG 2000 is a wavelet-based image compression format developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, International Organization for Standardization, and International Electrotechnical Commission, with contributions from Hewlett-Packard, Eastman Kodak, Microsoft, and Canon. It was designed to overcome the limitations of the original JPEG format, which was developed by IBM, Kodak, and Mitsubishi Electric. The new format was influenced by the work of Ingrid Daubechies, a Belgian mathematician, and Stéphane Mallat, a French mathematician, who developed the wavelet transform used in the compression algorithm. The development of JPEG 2000 was also supported by the European Union's Information Society Technologies program.

Introduction

JPEG 2000 is an image compression format that uses wavelet technology to provide better compression ratios and image quality compared to the original JPEG format, which was widely used by Nikon, Canon, and Sony. The format is supported by a wide range of applications, including Adobe Photoshop, GIMP, and ImageMagick, developed by Adobe Systems, GNU Project, and ImageMagick Studio LLC. JPEG 2000 is also used in various industries, such as medical imaging, remote sensing, and digital cinema, with companies like GE Healthcare, NASA, and Dolby Laboratories utilizing the format. The format's versatility has led to its adoption by organizations like the Library of Congress, National Archives and Records Administration, and European Space Agency.

History

The development of JPEG 2000 began in the late 1990s, with the first draft of the standard being published in 1999 by the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which included representatives from Toshiba, Fujifilm, and Konica Minolta. The standard was finalized in 2000 and published as ISO/IEC 15444 by the International Organization for Standardization and International Electrotechnical Commission, with the support of United States Department of Defense, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and European Commission. The development of JPEG 2000 was influenced by the work of Caltech, Stanford University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which contributed to the development of the wavelet transform used in the compression algorithm. The format has undergone several revisions, with the latest version being published in 2013, and has been widely adopted by companies like Apple, Google, and Amazon.

Technical Overview

JPEG 2000 uses a wavelet-based compression algorithm, which is different from the discrete cosine transform (DCT) used in the original JPEG format, developed by Nasir Ahmed, T. Natarajan, and K. R. Rao. The wavelet transform is a mathematical tool that allows for the decomposition of an image into different frequency components, which can be compressed separately, a technique also used in MPEG-4 and H.264, developed by MPEG and ITU-T. The compression algorithm used in JPEG 2000 is based on the Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation (EBCOT) algorithm, developed by David Taubman, a Australian computer scientist, and Michael Marcellin, an American engineer. The format also supports features like lossless compression, progressive transmission, and region of interest coding, which are also used in PNG and TIFF, developed by PNG Development Group and Aldus Corporation.

Features

JPEG 2000 has several features that make it an attractive format for various applications, including medical imaging, remote sensing, and digital cinema, which are supported by companies like Siemens Healthineers, Lockheed Martin, and Paramount Pictures. The format supports lossless compression, which allows for the compression of images without any loss of data, a feature also used in JPEG-LS and JPEG 2000 Part 2, developed by HP Labs and Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG 2000 also supports progressive transmission, which allows for the transmission of images in a progressive manner, with increasing resolution and quality, a technique also used in JPEG and MPEG-2, developed by MPEG and ITU-T. The format also supports region of interest coding, which allows for the compression of specific regions of an image with higher quality than the rest of the image, a feature also used in JPEG 2000 Part 3 and MPEG-4 Part 2, developed by Joint Photographic Experts Group and MPEG.

Applications

JPEG 2000 has a wide range of applications, including medical imaging, remote sensing, and digital cinema, which are supported by companies like GE Healthcare, NASA, and Dolby Laboratories. The format is used in medical imaging for the compression and storage of medical images, such as X-ray and MRI images, which are also used in radiology and oncology, supported by organizations like American College of Radiology and National Cancer Institute. JPEG 2000 is also used in remote sensing for the compression and storage of satellite and aerial images, which are also used in geography and environmental science, supported by organizations like National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and European Space Agency. The format is also used in digital cinema for the compression and storage of digital movies, which are also used in film production and post-production, supported by companies like Warner Bros. and Universal Pictures.

Comparison to Other Formats

JPEG 2000 has several advantages over other image compression formats, including JPEG, PNG, and TIFF, developed by Joint Photographic Experts Group, PNG Development Group, and Aldus Corporation. The format provides better compression ratios and image quality compared to JPEG, which is widely used by Nikon, Canon, and Sony. JPEG 2000 also supports features like lossless compression and progressive transmission, which are not supported by JPEG, but are also used in JPEG-LS and MPEG-4, developed by HP Labs and MPEG. However, JPEG 2000 has a more complex compression algorithm than JPEG, which can make it more difficult to implement and use, a challenge also faced by developers of H.264 and HEVC, developed by ITU-T and MPEG. Despite this, JPEG 2000 has been widely adopted by various industries and applications, including medical imaging, remote sensing, and digital cinema, supported by companies like Siemens Healthineers, Lockheed Martin, and Paramount Pictures.

Category:Image compression