Iraqi government

Iraqi government is led by the President of Iraq and the Prime Minister of Iraq, with the Council of Representatives of Iraq serving as the national legislature, comprising members such as Ayad Allawi, Nouri al-Maliki, and Haider al-Abadi. The government is based in the capital city of Baghdad, which has been the center of power for various rulers, including the Abbasid Caliphate and the Ottoman Empire. The Treaty of Sèvres and the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty have played significant roles in shaping the country's governance, with influences from British Empire and League of Nations. The United Nations has also been involved in Iraq's governance, particularly through the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq.

History of the Iraqi government

The history of the Iraqi government dates back to the Ottoman Empire, with the Vilayet of Baghdad being a key administrative division, governed by figures such as Midhat Pasha and Abdul Rahman Pasha. The British Mandate for Mesopotamia was established after World War I, with Gertrude Bell and Arnold Wilson playing important roles in shaping the country's early governance, including the establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq under Faisal II of Iraq. The 1958 Iraqi revolution led by Abd al-Karim Qasim overthrew the monarchy, and the country became a republic, with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein later rising to power, implementing policies such as the Nationalization of the Iraqi petroleum industry. The Gulf War and the subsequent Iraq War led to significant changes in the government, with the Coalition Provisional Authority and the Iraq Interim Government playing key roles in the transition, involving figures such as L. Paul Bremer and Ayad Allawi.

Structure of the government

The structure of the government is based on the Constitution of Iraq, which was adopted in 2005, with key principles such as Federalism in Iraq and the Separation of powers in Iraq. The government is divided into the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with the Prime Minister of Iraq serving as the head of government, and the President of Iraq serving as the head of state, advised by figures such as Tariq Aziz and Barham Salih. The Council of Ministers of Iraq is responsible for implementing policies, with members such as Hoshyar Zebari and Rafi al-Issawi. The government is also supported by various institutions, including the Central Bank of Iraq and the Iraqi Central Statistical Organization, which have been influenced by organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

Branches of government

The branches of government in Iraq include the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with the Council of Representatives of Iraq serving as the national legislature, comprising members such as Osama al-Nujaifi and Salim al-Jabouri. The Federal Supreme Court of Iraq is the highest court in the land, with judges such as Medhat al-Mahmoud and Faiq Zidan. The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister of Iraq, who is responsible for appointing ministers, such as Ibrahim al-Jaafari and Nouri al-Maliki, and overseeing the implementation of policies, with the support of institutions such as the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Iraqi Ministry of Defense. The legislative branch is responsible for passing laws, such as the Iraqi Constitution and the Iraqi Electoral Law, which have been influenced by documents such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Geneva Conventions.

Provincial and local government

The provincial and local government in Iraq is divided into Governorates of Iraq, with each governorate having its own Governor of Iraq and Provincial Council of Iraq, comprising members such as Athil al-Nujaifi and Dhurgham al-A'raji. The governorates are further divided into Districts of Iraq, with each district having its own District Council of Iraq, which have been influenced by organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme and the European Union. The local government is responsible for providing services such as Healthcare in Iraq and Education in Iraq, with the support of institutions such as the Iraqi Ministry of Health and the Iraqi Ministry of Education, which have been influenced by organizations such as the World Health Organization and UNESCO.

Politics and elections

The politics and elections in Iraq are characterized by a Multi-party system, with various parties such as the State of Law Coalition, the Iraqi National Movement, and the Kurdistan Democratic Party, led by figures such as Nouri al-Maliki, Iyad Allawi, and Massoud Barzani. The Iraqi parliamentary election, 2010 and the Iraqi parliamentary election, 2014 were significant events in the country's political history, with the Independent High Electoral Commission of Iraq playing a key role in overseeing the electoral process, which has been supported by organizations such as the United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq and the European Union. The government has also been influenced by regional and international organizations, including the Arab League and the Gulf Cooperation Council, which have played significant roles in shaping the country's foreign policy, including its relations with countries such as Iran, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia.