IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.16
Name	IEEE 802.16
Purpose	Broadband wireless access
Developer	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Introduced	2001
Based on	WLAN and WMAN technologies

IEEE 802.16 is a set of wireless networking standards developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for broadband wireless access (BWA) to provide high-speed internet connectivity over long distances, often used in metropolitan area networks (MANs) and wide area networks (WANs), similar to WiMAX and LTE technologies developed by 3GPP and 3GPP2. The standard is also known as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), which was developed by the WiMAX Forum in collaboration with Intel, Motorola, and Nokia. The development of IEEE 802.16 was influenced by the work of Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn, and Jon Postel, who are known as the fathers of the Internet. The standard has been widely adopted by telecom operators such as AT&T, Verizon Communications, and Sprint Corporation.

Introduction

The IEEE 802.16 standard provides a set of specifications for broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, enabling the delivery of high-speed internet services to subscribers over long distances, often in rural areas where fiber-optic connectivity is not available, similar to satellite internet services provided by Hughes Network Systems and ViaSat. The standard supports various frequency bands, including licensed and unlicensed bands, and is designed to be compatible with existing infrastructure, such as cell towers and base stations used by T-Mobile US and Deutsche Telekom. The development of IEEE 802.16 was influenced by the work of IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth) standards, which were developed by the IEEE 802 committee, chaired by Bob O'Hara.

History

The development of IEEE 802.16 began in 1999, when the IEEE 802 committee formed a study group to investigate the feasibility of broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, led by Roger Marks and Brian Petry. The first draft of the standard was published in 2000, and the final version was approved in 2001, with contributions from Cisco Systems, Ericsson, and Nortel Networks. The standard has undergone several revisions, with the most recent version being IEEE 802.16-2012, which was published in 2012, and has been adopted by ITU-T and ETSI. The development of IEEE 802.16 was influenced by the work of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which have developed various internet protocols and telecom standards, such as TCP/IP and SS7.

Technical_Overview

The IEEE 802.16 standard defines a set of specifications for broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, including the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers, similar to IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) and IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) standards. The standard supports various modulation schemes, including OFDM and OFDMA, and provides quality of service (QoS) mechanisms to ensure reliable and efficient data transmission, similar to DiffServ and IntServ protocols developed by IETF. The standard also defines a set of security features, including encryption and authentication mechanisms, similar to IPsec and TLS protocols developed by IETF and W3C.

Standards_and_Revisions

The IEEE 802.16 standard has undergone several revisions, with each revision providing new features and improvements, such as IEEE 802.16a, IEEE 802.16d, and IEEE 802.16e, which were published in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. The most recent version of the standard is IEEE 802.16-2012, which was published in 2012, and has been adopted by ITU-T and ETSI. The standard has been widely adopted by telecom operators and equipment manufacturers, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, and ZTE, and has been used in various broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, including WiMAX and LTE networks.

Applications_and_Implementations

The IEEE 802.16 standard has been widely used in various broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, including WiMAX and LTE networks, which have been deployed by telecom operators such as AT&T, Verizon Communications, and Sprint Corporation. The standard has also been used in various industrial applications, such as smart grids and transportation systems, which have been developed by General Electric, Siemens, and Cisco Systems. The standard has been adopted by various organizations, including ITU-T, ETSI, and WiMAX Forum, which have developed various telecom standards and interoperability tests.

Security_Features

The IEEE 802.16 standard provides a set of security features, including encryption and authentication mechanisms, similar to IPsec and TLS protocols developed by IETF and W3C. The standard defines a set of security protocols, including PKM (Privacy Key Management) and EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol), which have been developed by IETF and W3C. The standard also provides intrusion detection and intrusion prevention mechanisms, similar to IDS and IPS systems developed by Cisco Systems and Juniper Networks. The security features of the standard have been widely adopted by telecom operators and equipment manufacturers, such as Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei, and ZTE.

Category:IEEE standards