Ethernet

Ethernet
Name	Ethernet
Purpose	Local area networking
Developer	Xerox PARC, Bob Metcalfe, David Boggs
Introduced	1976

Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs), which are used in Internet infrastructure, including at Google, Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft Azure. Ethernet was developed by Xerox PARC, where Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs worked together to create the first Ethernet network, which was later standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) with the help of Digital Equipment Corporation and Intel. The development of Ethernet was influenced by the work of Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn on the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) at ARPA. Ethernet is widely used in Cisco Systems routers, Juniper Networks switches, and HP servers.

Introduction

Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for LANs, which is used to connect devices such as personal computers, servers, and printers at Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and California Institute of Technology (Caltech). The Ethernet standard defines the physical and data link layers of the OSI model, which was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the help of IBM, Hewlett-Packard (HP), and Xerox. Ethernet is used in a variety of applications, including Internet of Things (IoT) devices at General Electric, Siemens, and Philips, and is an essential component of modern computer networks at NASA, European Space Agency (ESA), and Canadian Space Agency (CSA). Ethernet is also used in industrial control systems at Rockwell Automation, ABB Group, and Schneider Electric.

History

The development of Ethernet began in the early 1970s at Xerox PARC, where Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs were working on a project to connect Xerox Alto computers at Xerox PARC and Stanford Research Institute (SRI). The first Ethernet network was developed in 1976, and it used a coaxial cable to connect devices at Xerox PARC and SRI International. The Ethernet standard was later developed by the IEEE 802.3 committee, which was established in 1980 with the help of Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel, and Xerox. The first Ethernet standard, IEEE 802.3-1983, was published in 1983 and defined the physical and data link layers of the Ethernet protocol, which was influenced by the work of Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn on the Internet Protocol (IP) at ARPA and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).

Standards

The Ethernet standard is defined by the IEEE 802.3 committee, which is responsible for maintaining and updating the standard at IEEE. The standard defines the physical and data link layers of the Ethernet protocol, including the Media Access Control (MAC) layer and the Physical Layer (PHY), which were developed with the help of Cisco Systems, Juniper Networks, and HP. The Ethernet standard also defines the frame format and the error detection mechanisms used in Ethernet networks, which are used in Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) at DE-CIX, AMS-IX, and LINX. The standard is updated regularly to reflect advances in technology and to support new applications, such as Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Gigabit Ethernet, which were developed by IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3ab.

Hardware

Ethernet hardware includes network interface controllers (NICs), switches, and routers, which are used to connect devices to an Ethernet network at Google Data Center, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Microsoft Azure. NICs are used to connect devices such as personal computers and servers to an Ethernet network, while switches and routers are used to connect multiple devices and networks at Cisco Systems, Juniper Networks, and HP. Ethernet hardware also includes cables and connectors, such as RJ-45 connectors and Category 5e cables, which are used in data centers at Equinix, Interxion, and Telehouse. Ethernet hardware is manufactured by a variety of companies, including Intel, Broadcom, and Marvell Technology Group, which are used in embedded systems at General Electric, Siemens, and Philips.

Protocol

The Ethernet protocol is a layer 2 protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model, which was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the help of IBM, Hewlett-Packard (HP), and Xerox. The protocol defines the format of Ethernet frames, which include a header, a payload, and a trailer, and are used in Internet Protocol (IP) networks at ARPA and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The protocol also defines the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is responsible for managing access to the network at Cisco Systems, Juniper Networks, and HP. The Ethernet protocol is used in a variety of applications, including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs), which are used in Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) at DE-CIX, AMS-IX, and LINX.

Applications

Ethernet is used in a variety of applications, including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs), which are used in Internet infrastructure, including at Google, Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft Azure. Ethernet is also used in industrial control systems, such as those used in manufacturing and process control at Rockwell Automation, ABB Group, and Schneider Electric. Additionally, Ethernet is used in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as smart home devices and wearable devices, which are used in smart city initiatives at Singapore, Barcelona, and New York City. Ethernet is an essential component of modern computer networks, and is used in a wide range of applications, including data centers at Equinix, Interxion, and Telehouse, and cloud computing at Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.

Category:Computer networking