1990 Pakistani general election
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| 1990 Pakistani general election | |
|---|---|
 Saad Ali Khan Pakistan · CC BY-SA 4.0 · source | |
| Election name | 1990 Pakistani general election |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Type | parliamentary |
| Previous election | 1977 Pakistani general election |
| Previous year | 1977 |
| Next election | 1993 Pakistani general election |
| Next year | 1993 |
1990 Pakistani general election was held on October 24, 1990, to elect the members of the National Assembly of Pakistan and the four Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan. The election was a significant event in the History of Pakistan, as it marked the transition of power from the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) to the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), a coalition of conservative and Islamic fundamentalist parties. The election was contested by major parties, including the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), Jamaat-e-Islami, and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement. The Pakistan National Alliance and the Tehrik-e-Istiqlal also participated in the election.
Background
The 1990 Pakistani general election was held after the dismissal of the Benazir Bhutto-led Pakistan Peoples Party government by Ghulam Ishaq Khan, the President of Pakistan, on August 6, 1990. The Supreme Court of Pakistan upheld the dismissal, citing corruption and mismanagement by the PPP government. The election was scheduled to be held on October 24, 1990, and the Election Commission of Pakistan was responsible for conducting the election. The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) were also involved in the election process. The United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom closely monitored the election, as it had significant implications for the Cold War and the Geopolitics of Pakistan.
Election Campaign
The election campaign was marked by intense rivalry between the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) and the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP). The IJI, led by Nawaz Sharif, campaigned on a platform of Islamic democracy and free market economy. The PPP, led by Benazir Bhutto, campaigned on a platform of social democracy and social justice. The Jamaat-e-Islami, led by Qazi Hussain Ahmad, and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement, led by Altaf Hussain, also contested the election. The Awami National Party, led by Wali Khan, and the Tehrik-e-Istiqlal, led by Asghar Khan, also participated in the election. The Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo), led by Muhammad Khan Junejo, and the Pakistan National Alliance, led by Abdul Waheed Khan, also contested the election.
Results
The results of the election were announced on October 25, 1990, and the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly of Pakistan. The IJI won 106 seats, while the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won 44 seats. The Jamaat-e-Islami won 8 seats, and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement won 15 seats. The Awami National Party won 6 seats, and the Tehrik-e-Istiqlal won 1 seat. The Pakistan Muslim League (Junejo) won 3 seats, and the Pakistan National Alliance won 2 seats. The election results were widely seen as a victory for the conservative and Islamic fundamentalist parties.
Aftermath
The aftermath of the election saw the formation of a new government, led by Nawaz Sharif, the leader of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI). The new government was sworn in on November 6, 1990, and it included members from the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz), the Jamaat-e-Islami, and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement. The Benazir Bhutto-led Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) became the main opposition party. The election results were widely seen as a significant shift in the politics of Pakistan, as the conservative and Islamic fundamentalist parties had gained significant power. The United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom closely monitored the new government, as it had significant implications for the Cold War and the Geopolitics of Pakistan.
Controversies
The 1990 Pakistani general election was marred by controversy, as the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) alleged that the election was rigged by the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA). The PPP also alleged that the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI) had received significant funding from the United States and the Saudi Arabia. The Jamaat-e-Islami and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement also made similar allegations. The Election Commission of Pakistan denied all allegations of rigging, and the Supreme Court of Pakistan upheld the election results. The controversy surrounding the election had significant implications for the politics of Pakistan, as it led to a significant decline in the popularity of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the rise of the conservative and Islamic fundamentalist parties. The Kashmir conflict and the Soviet–Afghan War also had significant implications for the election, as they influenced the foreign policy of Pakistan and the geopolitics of the region.