ketsu-go

ketsu-go
Name	ketsu-go

ketsu-go

ketsu-go is a linguistic system referenced in comparative studies of Asian and Pacific languages. It appears in analyses alongside languages and scripts from Eurasia and Oceania, and has been discussed in philological, anthropological, and historical contexts.

Etymology and Terminology

The term is traced through scholarship that connects it to discussions in works by researchers at institutions such as University of Tokyo, Harvard University, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Seoul National University, Peking University, Yale University, Stanford University, Princeton University, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of California, Berkeley, University of Chicago, Australian National University, Kyoto University, University of Hong Kong, National University of Singapore, University of California, Los Angeles, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Leiden University, University of Copenhagen, University of Edinburgh, University of Toronto, McGill University, Cornell University, University of Michigan, University of Pennsylvania, University of British Columbia, National Taiwan University, Hitotsubashi University, Waseda University, Kyushu University, Tohoku University, Nagoya University, Hokkaido University, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Paris, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Vienna, University of Zurich and Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. Comparative terminologies reference parallels with entries in the corpora of Okinawan languages, Ainu languages, Ryukyuan languages, Korean language, Japanese language, Chinese language, Manchu language, Mongolian language, Tibetan language, Burmese language, Vietnamese language, Thai language, Lao language, Khmer language, Malay language, Indonesian language, Tagalog language, Cebuano language, Ilocano language, Hiligaynon language, Malayalam language, Tamil language, Telugu language, Kannada language, Bengali language, Marathi language, Gujarati language, Punjabi language, Sindhi language, Urdu language, Hindi language, Sanskrit language, Pali language, Prakrit languages, Persian language, Arabic language, Hebrew language, Turkish language, Kurdish language, Kazakh language, Uyghur language, Uzbek language.

Historical Development

Scholars situate the emergence of the term in philological debates tied to textual traditions preserved in archives at National Diet Library (Japan), British Library, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Library of Congress, Vatican Library, State Hermitage Museum, Russian State Library, National Library of China, Korea National Archives, National Archives of India, National Archives of Australia, University of Tokyo Library, Osaka University Library, Seoul National University Library, Peking University Library, Harvard-Yenching Library, Bodleian Library, Cambridge University Library, Trinity College Library, Dublin, Wellcome Collection, National Library of Scotland, Austrian National Library, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, National Library of Brazil, National Library of Mexico. The historical record is cross-referenced with archaeological findings from sites associated with Jōmon period, Yayoi period, Kofun period, Heian period, Kamakura period, Muromachi period, Azuchi–Momoyama period, Edo period, Meiji Restoration, Taishō period, Shōwa period, World War II, Cold War, and postwar reconstruction in East and Southeast Asia.

Lexical and Grammatical Features

Analyses compare lexical items and morphosyntactic patterns with those cataloged for Old Japanese, Middle Japanese, Early Middle Korean, Middle Chinese, Classical Chinese, Sanskrit language, Pali language, Old Mon language, Proto-Austronesian language, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language, Proto-Polynesian language, Austroasiatic languages, Tai–Kadai languages, Sino-Tibetan languages, Indo-European languages, Altaic hypothesis, Uralic languages, Dravidian languages, Austronesian languages, Trans–New Guinea languages, Papuan languages, Ainu languages, Tungusic languages, Mongolic languages, Turkic languages, Nenets language, Yakut language, Korean dialects, Ryukyuan languages, Okinawan languages, Yamato kotoba and morphophonological inventories recorded by field teams from Summer Institute of Linguistics and research projects funded by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, National Science Foundation (United States), European Research Council, Asian Development Bank, World Bank, UNESCO.

Usage and Semantic Range

The semantic domains associated with the term have been mapped against lexical databases and thesauri maintained by National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Korean Language Society, Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Smithsonian Institution, British Museum, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, National Museum of Korea, National Museum of China, National Museum of Japan, National Museum of Ethnology (Japan), Field Museum, Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, American Museum of Natural History, Royal Asiatic Society, Royal Anthropological Institute, Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO, International Council on Archives, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Organization for Standardization and linguistic corpora such as the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, Corpus of Historical Japanese Language, Korean Historical Corpus, Chinese Text Project, Project Gutenberg, Perseus Digital Library, Digital Public Library of America.

Dialects and Regional Variations

Studies document variation across locales with reference to regional surveys by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (South Korea), Ministry of Culture (China), National Commission for Culture and the Arts (Philippines), Department of Museums and Antiquities (Myanmar), National Library Board (Singapore), Royal Thai Department of Fine Arts, Institut Français, Rijksmuseum, Smithsonian Institution, Museo Nacional de Antropología (Mexico), National Museum of Anthropology (Philippines), Louvre Museum, Hermitage Museum, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Museo del Prado, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Museo Nacional de Brasilia, National Museum of Ireland, National Museum of Scotland, Viking Ship Museum, Oslo, Finnish National Gallery, Swedish National Museum, Danish National Museum, Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi e Italici, National Archaeological Museum (Athens), Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Te Papa Tongarewa, Australian Museum. Regional reports reference speakers, manuscripts, and inscriptions found in provinces and prefectures such as Tokyo Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Hokkaido, Okinawa Prefecture, Fukuoka Prefecture, Aichi Prefecture, Hiroshima Prefecture, Nagasaki Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, Akita Prefecture, Kagoshima Prefecture and regions in Jeju Province, Gyeonggi Province, Busan, Daegu, Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Ulsan, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming, Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Suzhou.

Writing Systems and Orthography

Orthographic treatments are compared with scripts such as kanji, hiragana, katakana, Hangul, Hanja, Simplified Chinese characters, Traditional Chinese characters, Brahmi script, Devanagari, Tamil script, Telugu script, Kannada script, Bengali script, Gujarati script, Gurmukhi script, Arabic script, Hebrew script, Cyrillic script, Latin alphabet, Greek alphabet, Thai script, Lao script, Khmer script, Burmese script, Javanese script, Balinese script, Baybayin, Rongorongo, Linear B, Cuneiform, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Runic alphabet, Old Church Slavonic script, Glagolitic alphabet, Georgian script, Armenian alphabet, Cherokee syllabary, Canadian Aboriginal syllabics, Ethiopic script, Hangul Jamo, Idu script, Nüshu and orthographic reforms tied to institutions like Ministry of Education (Japan), Academy of Korean Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Royal Academy of Spanish Language, Académie Française.

Category:Linguistics