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| interleukin-17 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Interleukin-17 |
| Family | Interleukin-17 family |
| Location | Extracellular |
| Function | Proinflammatory cytokine |
interleukin-17 Interleukin-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine family member produced by leukocytes and other cells that orchestrates host defense and inflammatory responses. Discovered in the late 20th century, it has been studied across immunology, infectious disease, dermatology, rheumatology, and oncology, and is central to many signaling networks described in seminal work from institutions such as National Institutes of Health, University of Cambridge, and Harvard University. Research on interleukin-17 intersects with clinical trials by organizations including Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, and pharmaceutical companies like Novartis, Amgen, and Johnson & Johnson.
The interleukin-17 family comprises several homologous proteins implicated in innate and adaptive immunity, first characterized through molecular cloning efforts paralleling discoveries by researchers at Stanford University, University of Oxford, and Imperial College London. Its role emerged from studies on host defense involving pathogens investigated at centers such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, and research consortia linked to Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation funding. Interest accelerated after clinical observations in autoimmune syndromes reported from clinics at Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, and academic departments at Johns Hopkins University.
The family includes multiple isoforms encoded by distinct genes, each with conserved cysteine motifs and a characteristic fold revealed by structural biology teams at institutions like Max Planck Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and California Institute of Technology. Protein crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy studies led by groups at European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Riken, and Scripps Research clarified tertiary structures and dimerization interfaces, informing mutational analyses reported in journals associated with Nature Publishing Group, Science Media Group, and Cell Press. Comparative genomics across species examined by labs at Smithsonian Institution and Wellcome Trust highlighted evolutionary conservation and diversification among isoforms.
Receptor complexes for the family involve heteromeric pairing of receptor subunits studied in receptor biology labs at Yale University, University of California, San Francisco, and Rockefeller University. Downstream signaling engages adaptor proteins and kinases characterized in biochemical work from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Karolinska Institutet, linking to transcriptional programs regulated by factors studied at Broad Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Pathways intersect with inflammatory cascades explored in collaborations involving European Commission-funded networks and consortia such as Human Genome Project-era initiatives.
Primary cellular sources include subsets of T lymphocytes identified by flow cytometry groups at Stanford University School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, alongside innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, and epithelial-derived producers described in publications from University of Edinburgh, University of Toronto, and University of Michigan. Regulation of expression is modulated by cytokines and transcription factors characterized in laboratories at Princeton University, Columbia University, and University of California, Berkeley, and is influenced by microbial signals elucidated by investigators at Pasteur Institute, Weizmann Institute of Science, and University of Washington.
Functionally, the family mediates recruitment and activation of myeloid cells, influences barrier immunity studied in dermatology departments at King's College London, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, and Stanford School of Medicine, and augments antimicrobial responses researched at Rockefeller University Hospital and University College Hospital. Roles in mucosal immunity, autoimmunity, and tumor microenvironment have been elaborated through collaborations involving Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute, and translational programs at UCLA. Comparative immunology findings from University of Cambridge Department of Veterinary Medicine and CSIRO highlight conserved roles in vertebrate defense.
Dysregulated activity is implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases evaluated in cohorts from Royal Free Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, and Kaiser Permanente. Associations with psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease have driven clinical research at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Hospital for Special Surgery, and multicenter trials coordinated through networks like International League of Associations for Rheumatology. Links to fungal and bacterial infection susceptibility have been documented in case series from Johns Hopkins Hospital and outbreak investigations by Public Health England.
Therapeutic antagonists and monoclonal antibodies developed by companies such as Novartis, Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, and Bristol Myers Squibb have progressed through clinical trials overseen by regulatory agencies including Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Clinical efficacy in dermatology and rheumatology has been reported from randomized controlled trials conducted at institutions like University College London Hospitals, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Mount Sinai Health System. Ongoing translational research at centers including Scripps Research Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and University of California, San Diego explores combination strategies with immuno-oncology agents developed by Roche, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca.
Category:Cytokines