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| governor of Minas Gerais | |
|---|---|
| Post | Governor |
| Body | Minas Gerais |
| Incumbent | Romeu Zema |
| Incumbentsince | 2019 |
| Style | Excelentíssimo Senhor |
| Residence | Palácio da Liberdade |
| Seat | Belo Horizonte |
| Appointer | Popular vote |
| Termlength | Four years |
| Formation | 1889 |
| Inaugural | Aureliano de Figueiredo Pinto |
governor of Minas Gerais is the highest-ranking elected official of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, charged with executive authority within the state's territorial boundaries. The officeholder interacts with national institutions such as the President of Brazil, the National Congress of Brazil, and the Supreme Federal Court while representing Minas Gerais in federal matters involving the Ministry of Finance (Brazil), the Ministry of Health (Brazil), and the Ministry of Education (Brazil). The position has been held by figures prominent in Brazilian politics, including leaders associated with the Brazilian Democratic Movement, the Worker's Party (Brazil), the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, and regional movements tied to Minas Gerais's political culture.
The governor serves as head of the state's executive branch, exercising powers codified in the Constitution of Brazil and the state constitution of Minas Gerais (state). Powers include sanctioning or vetoing laws passed by the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais, issuing provisional measures analogous to federal medida provisória, appointing secretaries to state cabinets such as the Secretariat of Health (Minas Gerais), the Secretariat of Education (Minas Gerais), and the Secretariat of Public Security (Minas Gerais), and commanding state public security forces coordinated with the Military Police (Brazil). The governor negotiates transfers with the Federal Revenue Service (Brazil), signs state-level decrees, and represents Minas Gerais before interstate bodies like the Brazilian Federation of Accounting and multistate consortia involving São Paulo (state), Rio de Janeiro (state), and Bahia (state).
The office traces its lineage to provincial presidents during the Empire of Brazil and was reconstituted after the Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil) in 1889. In the Old Republic era, Minas Gerais played a central role in the coffee with milk politics power-sharing arrangement alongside São Paulo (state), producing governors influential in national presidencies such as Venceslau Brás and Artur Bernardes. During the Vargas Era, federal interventions redefined state autonomy, affecting governors like Benedito Valadares. The mid-20th century saw governors entangled with the Constitution of 1946, the Military Dictatorship (Brazil, 1964–1985), and figures such as Israel Pinheiro, who oversaw construction projects tied to the Brasília era. The redemocratization period returned prominence to leaders from parties including the Brazilian Labour Party (historical) and Lula da Silva-aligned governors, shaping state policies through alliances with the National Development Bank (BNDES) and the Inter-American Development Bank.
Elections follow rules established by the Superior Electoral Court and the Electoral Code (Brazil). The governor is elected by direct popular vote using a two-round system if no candidate achieves an absolute majority, interacting with national campaigns regulated by the Electoral Justice (Brazil). Running mates assume the role of vice-governor; succession protocols reference the Constitution of Brazil and involve institutions such as the State Court of Auditors of Minas Gerais and the Superior Court of Justice in disputes. Term limits mirror federal provisions: a four-year term with eligibility for one consecutive reelection, as influenced by constitutional amendments debated in the National Congress of Brazil.
Administrative duties include preparing the state budget submitted to the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais, implementing public policies in coordination with agencies like the Secretary of Health (Minas Gerais), the Company of Urban Development of Minas Gerais, and the State Secretariat for Economic Development. The governor appoints prosecutors to state bodies working with the Public Prosecutor's Office (Minas Gerais), oversees disaster response in coordination with the National Civil Aviation Agency for infrastructure matters, and directs investments that link Minas Gerais's sectors with national entities such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and trade partners represented through the Minas Gerais Trade and Investment Promotion Agency.
A historical roster includes provincial presidents from the Empire of Brazil period and republican governors such as Aureliano de Figueiredo Pinto, Venceslau Brás, Artur Bernardes, Benedito Valadares, Israel Pinheiro, Tancredo Neves, Itamar Franco, Hélio Garcia, Eduardo Azeredo, Aécio Neves, Fernando Pimentel, Romeu Zema, among others who shaped state policy across eras marked by interactions with entities like the Union of Brazilian Municipalities and the Confederação Nacional de Municípios.
Governors such as Tancredo Neves influenced national transitions leading to the New Republic (Brazil), while Itamar Franco later assumed the presidency during a period addressed by the Plano Real economic stabilization linked to the Central Bank of Brazil. Aécio Neves played roles in federal legislative dynamics involving the Brazilian Social Democracy Party and national campaigns, and Fernando Pimentel engaged with industrial and social policy through partnerships with the Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Brazil). Officials faced controversies adjudicated by the Federal Police (Brazil) and tribunal processes in the Superior Electoral Court or the Supreme Federal Court for corruption allegations, shaping public debates on accountability and institutional reform.
The governor's symbols include the state flag and coat of arms of Minas Gerais (state), the gubernatorial standard used during official ceremonies at the Palácio da Liberdade and during sessions of the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais. The official residence and workplace, the Palácio da Liberdade in Belo Horizonte, hosts receptions with delegations from São Paulo (state), Rio de Janeiro (state), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Brazil), and international partners, and serves as a locus for protocol involving orders such as the Order of Merit of Minas Gerais.
Category:Politics of Minas Gerais