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| World Calendar | |
|---|---|
| Name | World Calendar |
| Introduced | 1930s |
| Creator | Elisabeth Achelis |
| Type | Proposed reform calendar |
World Calendar
The World Calendar is a proposed perennial reform calendar designed to regularize the annual cycle and simplify scheduling for United Nations, International Organization for Standardization, League of Nations, United Nations General Assembly, and World Bank participants. Advocated by activists linked to Elisabeth Achelis and organizations such as the World Calendar Association and International Calendar Reform Committee, it intersects debates involving Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, ISO week date, Hebrew calendar, and Islamic calendar users. Proposals appear in discussions among delegations to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and within think tanks connected to the Brookings Institution and RAND Corporation.
The calendar proposes a 12-month, 365-day common year and 366-day leap year aligned to a perpetual cycle used by institutions such as Bank of England, Federal Reserve System, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund for fiscal planning. Its structure promises consistent quarterly accounting favored by corporations like General Electric, Siemens, Toyota, and Procter & Gamble while aiming to reduce scheduling friction experienced by agencies including NASA, European Space Agency, World Health Organization, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analysts from McKinsey & Company and PricewaterhouseCoopers have modeled economic effects alongside legal scholars at Harvard Law School and Yale Law School.
Roots trace to 19th-century reformers influenced by proposals from Augustus De Morgan era mathematicians and the calendar studies sponsored by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Twentieth-century momentum included proposals circulated in forums involving League of Nations delegates, United Nations committees, and advocates such as Elisabeth Achelis who founded the World Calendar Association and lobbied figures in the United States Congress and national legislatures of United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Canada. Academic proponents from Columbia University, Oxford University, and Cambridge University published critiques and endorsements alongside analyses at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford University. International campaigns interacted with religious institutions including Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, World Council of Churches, and Rabbinical Assembly.
Each quarter contains exactly 91 days divided into a 31-30-30 pattern for months comparable to those used by Gregorian calendar administrations. Regular years total 365 days; leap years add a single intercalary day analogous to the extra day in Gregorian calendar. The system inserts a "year day" between December and January (or equivalent epoch) and, in leap years, an additional day after the midyear quarter—affecting observance patterns of holidays like Christmas, Eid al-Fitr, Hanukkah, Diwali, and civic dates such as Independence Day (United States). Fiscal year alignment for entities like Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and World Trade Organization proponents is a selling point. Implementation would require coordination among institutions including International Olympic Committee, Union of European Football Associations, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, and airline regulators such as International Civil Aviation Organization.
Advocacy has come from groups including the World Calendar Association, business coalitions with members such as IBM, General Motors, and Shell, and scholarly networks at London School of Economics and Princeton University. Legislative efforts appeared before bodies like the United States Congress and parliaments in Australia, India, and South Africa. Petitions reached multilateral forums such as the United Nations General Assembly and committees at International Labour Organization. Proponents cite efficiency gains modeled for corporations including Apple Inc., Microsoft, Amazon (company), and for financial clearing houses like The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation.
Religious objections have been raised by representatives of Vatican City State, Southern Baptist Convention, Sunni Islam scholars, Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox) authorities, and Rabbinical Council of America due to impacts on weekly worship cycles and observance fixed to traditional calendars such as Hebrew calendar and Islamic calendar. Labor unions like AFL–CIO and Trades Union Congress have expressed concerns about pay, collective bargaining, and workweek continuity. Legal scholars at Columbia Law School and University of Chicago Law School note conflicts with statutory dates in codes like United States Code and precedents in courts including Supreme Court of the United States and European Court of Human Rights. Economists from International Monetary Fund and World Bank produced counteranalyses featured in journals such as The Economist and Harvard Business Review.
Analyses contrast the proposal with the Gregorian calendar used by most nation-states including United States of America, People's Republic of China, and Russian Federation, the lunisolar Hebrew calendar employed in Israel, and the lunar Islamic calendar observed in Saudi Arabia and Indonesia. Comparisons also involve perennial proposals like the International Fixed Calendar and the French Republican Calendar and ancient systems such as the Mayan calendar and Egyptian calendar. Studies reference synchronization issues with fiscal calendars of entities like European Union institutions and sports calendars of organizations including National Football League and Union Cycliste Internationale.
Adoption would require amendments to national statutes overseen by legislatures such as the United States Congress and Parliament of the United Kingdom and regulatory agencies like Securities and Exchange Commission and Financial Conduct Authority. International treaty schedules administered by United Nations Treaty Collection would need revision, affecting institutions like World Health Assembly and International Court of Justice. Practical transitions involve software vendors like Oracle Corporation and SAP SE, standards bodies including Internet Engineering Task Force and ISO, and logistics firms such as DHL, FedEx, and Maersk to update scheduling systems. Labor law impacts would involve courts such as European Court of Justice and agencies like Department of Labor (United States).
Category:Calendar reform proposals