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| Universidade de São Paulo (USP) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Universidade de São Paulo |
| Native name | Universidade de São Paulo |
| Established | 1934 |
| Type | Public |
| City | São Paulo |
| Country | Brazil |
| Campus | Urban and suburban |
| Students | 90,000 (approx.) |
Universidade de São Paulo (USP) is Brazil’s largest public research university and a principal institution in Latin America, founded in 1934 during a period of institutional reform that involved figures from the State of São Paulo (1890–1930), Getúlio Vargas’s era, and international advisers linked to Harvard University, University of Paris, and University of Cambridge. It became a central node connecting São Paulo’s industrialists such as Francisco Matarazzo and political leaders like Washington Luís, and cultural figures including Mário de Andrade and Oswald de Andrade, consolidating faculties originally modeled on University of Bologna and University of Oxford precedents.
USP’s origin traces to mergers among the Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco, the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, and technical schools influenced by the Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932 and reforms inspired by Augusto Comte’s positivist legacy and the Marcha da Família com Deus pela Liberdade. Early leadership included educators linked to Carlos Chagas, Oswaldo Cruz, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, and administrators who negotiated with entities such as the Brazilian Revolution of 1930 actors and industrial patrons associated with the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional. During the Military dictatorship in Brazil (1964–1985), USP experienced closures, academic censorship, and resistance involving faculty connected to Gabriel García Márquez-era Latin American intellectual networks and activists related to Movimento Estudantil, later returning to expansion aligned with funding frameworks from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and partnerships with the European Organization for Nuclear Research and National Institutes of Health collaborators.
USP operates multiple campuses including the principal Cidade Universitária in Butantã, satellite campuses in Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, Piracicaba, and Lorena, plus clinical facilities at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Its infrastructure includes libraries such as the Biblioteca Brasiliana Guita e José Mindlin, museums like the Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo and the Museu de Anatomia Humana, research centers connected to the Instituto Oceanográfico, and observatories interfacing with institutions like the Observatório Nacional. The campus hosts botanical collections related to the Instituto de Botânica and technological laboratories that have collaborated with Embraer, Petrobras, and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.
USP comprises dozens of faculties and institutes including the Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Faculdade de Odontologia, and the Instituto de Matemática e Estatística. Research output spans partnerships with the Max Planck Society, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Latin American consortia such as CLACSO, covering fields exemplified by collaborations with CERN projects, public health studies linked to Fiocruz, agronomy projects with Embrapa, and materials science with National Nanotechnology Laboratory (Brazil). USP hosts graduate programs endorsed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior and participates in exchange networks with University of California, University of Tokyo, University of Oxford, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
The university is governed by a Rector and collegiate bodies including the Conselho Universitário and faculties’ councils, interacting with state agencies such as the Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo and funding bodies like FAPESP. Administrative history features rectors who engaged with national policy debates during administrations of Getúlio Vargas, Jânio Quadros, and the New Republic (Brazil), and institutional statutes that reflect legal frameworks from the Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 and state legislation. Oversight and audit interactions have involved agencies such as the Tribunal de Contas do Estado de São Paulo.
Admissions rely on competitive entrance examinations including the traditional Vestibular and the Sistema de Seleção Unificada (SiSU) mechanisms, with quotas influenced by policies stemming from the Lei de Cotas debates and social movements connected to Movimento Negro and Movimento Feminista advocacy. Student life features academic centers mirroring student unions like Centro Acadêmico XI de Agosto, cultural groups linked to Teatro Oficina and Teatro Experimental do Negro, and sports clubs affiliated with the São Paulo Futebol Clube and university teams competing in events such as the Universíade. Campus activism historically intersected with national movements including the Diretas Já campaign.
USP regularly appears in global rankings such as the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the QS World University Rankings, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities due to citation impact, collaboration metrics with entities like Scopus and Web of Science, and national assessments by the Ministério da Educação (Brazil). Its reputation draws on alumni who shaped institutions like the Banco do Brasil, Petrobras, Supremo Tribunal Federal, and cultural organizations such as the Museum of Art of São Paulo (MASP).
Notable figures associated with USP include presidents and ministers such as Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Michel Temer, jurists linked to the Supremo Tribunal Federal like Nelson Jobim, scientists such as César Lattes and José Leite Lopes, writers like Guimarães Rosa, artists connected to Tarsila do Amaral and Cândido Portinari, and economists associated with Celso Furtado and Ignácio Rangel. Faculty and researchers have collaborated with international laureates from the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine networks and shared platforms with intellectuals including Sérgio Buarque de Holanda and Raymundo Faoro.
Category:Universities in São Paulo (state)