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| United States Army bases | |
|---|---|
| Name | United States Army installations |
| Established | 1775 |
| Branch | United States Army |
| Country | United States |
| Type | Military bases |
| Garrison | Various |
United States Army bases United States Army bases serve as permanent and expeditionary locations supporting United States Army operations, training, sustainment, and force projection across the United States and around the world. They provide command nodes for formations such as United States Army Forces Command, United States Army Training and Doctrine Command, and United States Army Europe and Africa, while hosting units from organizations like 1st Infantry Division, 82nd Airborne Division, and 10th Mountain Division.
Army installations function as hubs for readiness, logistics, and personnel administration supporting formations including III Corps, XVIII Airborne Corps, Eighth Army, and United States Army Pacific. They concentrate resources for programs administered by agencies like the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Installation Management Command, and United States Army Materiel Command, while enabling joint operations with partners such as United States Air Force, United States Navy, United States Marine Corps, and multinational forces like NATO and Combined Joint Task Force operations.
Early cantonments followed patterns from Continental Army encampments and Valley Forge traditions, evolving through frontier posts like Fort Leavenworth and Fort Riley during westward expansion and conflicts including the Mexican–American War, the American Civil War, and the Spanish–American War. Twentieth-century mobilization for World War I and World War II produced large training centers such as Fort Benning, Fort Bragg, Fort Hood, and replacement depots mirroring mobilization practices from Camp Funston and Camp Lee. Cold War posture shifted focus to deterrence and forward basing tied to events like the Korean War, Vietnam War, and crises such as the Berlin Crisis of 1961 and the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Installations are managed under layered authority including local installation commanders, the Installation Management Command, and component commands like United States Army Training and Doctrine Command and United States Army Forces Command. Operational control often resides with deployed headquarters such as XVIII Airborne Corps or theater commands like United States European Command and United States Indo-Pacific Command, integrating staff elements from Defense Logistics Agency and partnering with civilian agencies like the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense.
Army facilities include classified designations: home stations for divisions and brigades (e.g., Fort Campbell, Fort Carson), power-projection hubs like Fort Liberty and Joint Base Lewis–McChord, training centers such as National Training Center at Fort Irwin and Joint Readiness Training Center at Fort Johnson, logistics depots like Red River Army Depot and Anniston Army Depot, and overseas garrisons including Camp Humphreys and Ramstein Air Base used in joint basing. Specialized sites host schools like the United States Army War College, the United States Army Command and General Staff College, and institutions such as the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command.
Prominent continental bases include Fort Bliss near El Paso, Texas, Fort Bragg in North Carolina, Fort Hood in Killeen, Texas, Fort Campbell on the Kentucky–Tennessee border, Fort Benning straddling Georgia and Alabama, and Joint Base Lewis–McChord in Washington (state). These host formations like 1st Armored Division, 82nd Airborne Division, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), and III Corps, while supporting schools, hospitals such as Walter Reed National Military Medical Center affiliates, and commands including United States Army Futures Command.
Overseas installations range from longstanding garrisons like RFK Camp Humphreys in South Korea and United States Army Garrison Bavaria in Germany to expeditionary facilities in theaters linked to Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Key forward bases coordinate with allies through accords such as Status of Forces Agreements in Japan (e.g., Camp Zama, Torii Station) and NATO basing in Europe (e.g., Grafenwoehr Training Area, Hohenfels), while enduring logistics hubs operate at locations like Diego Garcia and Al Udeid Air Base under United States Central Command arrangements.
Installations comprise runways and airfields at joint sites like Fort Rucker and Fort Stewart–Hunter Army Airfield, railheads and motor pools connected to Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command, ammunition storage at secure ordnance facilities such as Blue Grass Army Depot, maintenance at depots like Letterkenny Army Depot, and research labs including Edgewood Arsenal and Aberdeen Proving Ground. Support infrastructure includes family housing, schools coordinated with Department of Defense Education Activity, medical centers tied to TRICARE, and utilities managed alongside United States Army Corps of Engineers and civilian contractors.
Bases interact with local communities around sites like Hawaii's Schofield Barracks, Puerto Rico's historic installations, and mainland municipalities, affecting land use, cultural resources law under the National Historic Preservation Act, and environmental compliance with statutes such as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act and programs administered by the Environmental Protection Agency. Community relations involve partnerships with local governments, economic development agencies, and advocacy groups addressing issues like encroachment, noise, groundwater contamination from sites like Camp Lejeune and remediation overseen through interagency agreements and litigation.