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| U.S. Group on Earth Observations | |
|---|---|
| Name | U.S. Group on Earth Observations |
| Abbreviation | USGEO |
| Formation | 2003 |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C. |
| Parent organization | White House Office of Science and Technology Policy |
U.S. Group on Earth Observations
The U.S. Group on Earth Observations coordinates national contributions to the Group on Earth Observations and advances interoperable Earth observation systems across federal agencies; it interfaces with entities including the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Geological Survey, and the Department of Defense to support decision-making for Hurricane Katrina, Deepwater Horizon oil spill, California wildfires, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, and other events.
The U.S. Group on Earth Observations serves as a U.S. coordinating body linking the Group on Earth Observations with federal participants such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Geological Survey, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Homeland Security while interacting with international partners like the European Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the Canadian Space Agency, and the World Meteorological Organization to promote interoperable data standards used in responses to incidents including Hurricane Sandy, Iraq War, Typhoon Haiyan, Amazon rainforest fires, and Mount St. Helens eruption.
Formed in 2003 following U.S. engagement with the Group on Earth Observations initiative originating at the Earth Observation Summit, the group was shaped by policy instruments and leaders such as the White House, the Office of Management and Budget, the National Science Foundation, and officials linked to events like the Kyoto Protocol discussions and the G8 Summit; early contributors included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Geological Survey, and the Department of State which coordinated positions for multilateral forums including the Group on Earth Observations Secretariat and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Governance rests on interagency committees drawing representation from agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Geological Survey, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Defense, and the Department of the Interior with oversight and policy alignment involving the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Council on Environmental Quality, and the Office of Management and Budget; advisory mechanisms include stakeholder groups from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, the American Geophysical Union, and the Open Geospatial Consortium to align with standards used by the European Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and the Group on Earth Observations Board.
Programs span capability development, data sharing, and user engagement with initiatives that coordinate satellite missions from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Agency, integrate in-situ networks like those of the United States Geological Survey and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and promote standards from the Open Geospatial Consortium and the International Organization for Standardization to support applied projects addressing Hurricane Katrina recovery, Deepwater Horizon oil spill monitoring, California wildfires mapping, and Drought in the United States assessments while leveraging tools from the Group on Earth Observations Societal Benefit Areas and guidance from the National Research Council.
The group fosters partnerships among federal agencies including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the United States Geological Survey, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Defense as well as non-federal partners such as the World Meteorological Organization, the European Space Agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the Canadian Space Agency, multinational programs like the Copernicus Programme, academic institutions like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, and professional societies such as the American Geophysical Union and the Society of Conservation Biology to implement interoperable data platforms supporting crises like Typhoon Haiyan and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster response.
Funding and budgetary oversight involve appropriations and allocations coordinated among the Office of Management and Budget, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and partner agencies including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Science Foundation, with project-level support sometimes drawn from programs of the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Defense research accounts, and cooperative agreements with academic institutions such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Johns Hopkins University for prioritized activities tied to events like Hurricane Sandy and federal initiatives originating in the National Preparedness System.
USGEO-facilitated data interoperability and coordination have been applied to disaster response and environmental monitoring in incidents including Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Sandy, Deepwater Horizon oil spill, California wildfires, and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster by enabling integration of satellite data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the European Space Agency, oceanographic data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and geologic information from the United States Geological Survey for use by responders at the Federal Emergency Management Agency, planners at the United States Department of Agriculture, and researchers at institutions such as the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory to inform policy processes in venues including the Group on Earth Observations and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Category:Earth observation organizations