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| Tláhuac | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tláhuac |
| Settlement type | Borough |
| Subdivision type | Country |
| Subdivision name | Mexico |
| Subdivision type1 | Federal entity |
| Subdivision name1 | Mexico City |
| Area total km2 | 89.20 |
| Population total | 360000 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
Tláhuac Tláhuac is one of the sixteen administrative boroughs of Mexico City, situated in the southeastern quadrant of the federal entity. The borough combines urban neighborhoods and peri-urban zones with remnants of rural Xochimilco-style wetland landscapes and chinampa agriculture, forming a transition between the core of Mexico City and the state of State of Mexico. Tláhuac's identity is shaped by layered interactions with neighboring boroughs and municipalities such as Iztapalapa, Milpa Alta, Iztacalco, and the municipalities of Chalco and Valle de Chalco Solidaridad.
Tláhuac occupies an area in the southern basin of the Valley of Mexico bounded by natural and administrative features including the remnants of the Lago de Texcoco hydrological system, volcanic landforms like Xitle and features associated with the Nevado de Toluca region. The borough contains neighborhoods that stretch from low-lying former lakebeds near Xochimilco to higher terrain approaching the Ajusco foothills and the edge of the Sierra de Ajusco-Chichinauhtzin. Watercourses and canals historically linked to the Canal del Desagüe and prehispanic irrigation systems persist in altered form. Major arterial roads and connections link to the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense corridor and to federal highways toward Puebla and Cuautla.
Pre-Columbian settlements in the area were associated with groups tied to Culhuacán, Coyoacán, and the Acolhua and Aztec Triple Alliance networks; the area became known for chinampa cultivation and seasonal markets connected to Tenochtitlan and Texcoco. During the colonial period the region was incorporated into the administrative structures centered on Mexico City (Viceroyalty) with landholdings granted under encomienda and hacienda systems tied to religious institutions such as Convent of San Nicolás-type foundations. In the 19th century, episodes including the Mexican War of Independence and the Reform War reshaped local land tenure, while the Porfiriato era infrastructure projects altered hydrology and transportation. In the 20th century, the borough experienced rapid urbanization linked to migration flows following the Mexican Revolution and industrialization policies, administrative reforms that created the party-political structure of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, and later decentralization within the constitutional framework of Mexico City that established modern borough governance.
Population growth has been driven by internal migration from regions such as Oaxaca, Puebla, Guerrero, and the State of Morelos as well as suburban expansion from Mexico City proper. The borough hosts a mix of longstanding families with roots tracing to colonial-era agrarian communities and more recent arrivals employed in sectors connected to Benito Juárez International Airport logistics, construction linked to projects associated with Metro expansion, and commerce oriented toward markets that supply nearby boroughs and municipalities. Religious and cultural affiliation reflects institutions such as the Roman Catholic Church, evangelical congregations, and traditional festivities tied to patron saints recognized across parishes and chapels influenced by orders like the Augustinians and Franciscans.
Tláhuac's economy blends agriculture, artisanal production, local commerce, and service-oriented employment. Traditional chinampa and market agriculture historically supplied produce to La Merced and Central de Abasto markets, while small manufacturing and workshop clusters serve construction and consumer goods sectors that interface with supply chains linking to the State of Mexico industrial parks. Informal commerce concentrates around neighborhood markets and transport hubs connecting to routes toward Puebla and Cuernavaca, and retail anchors include malls and commercial strips proximate to arterial corridors. Development pressures tied to projects like the Line 12 (Mexico City Metro) expansion and federal infrastructure programs have influenced land values and labor patterns.
Administratively the borough functions under the political framework established by the Constitution of Mexico City, with local representation and delegational structures that coordinate public services, urban planning, and civil registry responsibilities in interaction with federal bodies such as the Secretariat of Urban Development and Housing (SEDUVI) and entities charged with water management like the Comisión Nacional del Agua. Local administration is accountable to elected borough officials and collaborates with neighboring boroughs including Iztapalapa and Xochimilco on metropolitan policies addressing transportation, environmental protection, and public safety initiatives linked to the Local Public Security System mechanisms.
Cultural life includes traditional festivals, processions, and culinary practices connected to markets and parish calendars, featuring regional dishes shared with areas such as Milpa Alta and Xochimilco. Significant landmarks include colonial-era churches and chapels influenced by religious orders, community centers that host events tied to the Day of the Dead celebrations, and preserved chinampa clusters that resonate with UNESCO-recognized heritage values in the broader Xochimilco landscape. Public spaces include plazas and sports facilities that host civic events and cultural programming connected to institutions such as the National Institute of Anthropology and History when local heritage sites undergo conservation.
Transport infrastructure comprises major thoroughfares connecting to the Autopista México–Puebla, local bus and pesero networks, and rail transit links including extensions of the Mexico City Metro system and feeder services to the Metrobús network. Utilities and services are coordinated with metropolitan providers such as the Sistema de Aguas de la Ciudad de México and energy distribution managed by the Federal Electricity Commission. Recent infrastructure projects have focused on flood control, drainage tied to the legacy of the Lago de Texcoco basin, and mobility improvements to integrate peripheral neighborhoods with central urban nodes like Zócalo and Paseo de la Reforma.
Category:Boroughs of Mexico City