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| Tidewater Tides | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tidewater Tides |
| Type | Natural estuarine feature |
| Location | Atlantic Coast, United States |
| Area | Variable |
Tidewater Tides are recurring estuarine and coastal tidal phenomena occurring along Atlantic and Gulf coasts, influencing shorelines, wetlands, and human settlements. They affect navigation, fisheries, and cultural practices across regions influenced by oceanic semidiurnal, diurnal, and mixed tidal regimes. Observations of these tides intersect with studies of oceanography, coastal engineering, and conservation.
Tidewater Tides occur where oceanic forces interact with coastal geography such as estuaries, bays, and river mouths, producing patterns studied by institutions like Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, NOAA, US Geological Survey, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory, National Oceanography Centre, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and European Space Agency. Research draws on methods developed at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Washington, University of British Columbia, Duke University, University of Florida, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of South Florida, University of Maryland, Cornell University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, Columbia University, University of Southampton, University of Liverpool, University of Sydney, University of Auckland, University of Cape Town, Tokyo University, Peking University, National University of Singapore, ETH Zurich, Imperial College London, California Institute of Technology, and University of Cambridge.
Tidewater Tides shape coastal geography including estuaries like the Chesapeake Bay, Delaware Bay, San Francisco Bay, Puget Sound, Galveston Bay, Tampa Bay, Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound, Mobile Bay, Morecambe Bay, Bay of Fundy, Bristol Channel, Wadden Sea, Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, Baltic Sea, English Channel, Hudson River Estuary, Merrimack River, Connecticut River, Cape Fear River, St. Lawrence River, Columbia River, and Río de la Plata. Habitats include marshes and wetlands such as Everglades, Okefenokee Swamp, Saltmarshes of New England, Louisiana Coastal Wetlands, Camargue, Doñana National Park, Delte del Ebre, Sundarbans, and Mekong Delta. These environments intersect with protected areas like Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Monomoy National Wildlife Refuge, Point Reyes National Seashore, Cape Cod National Seashore, Everglades National Park, Gulf Islands National Seashore, Galápagos National Park, Abraham Lincoln National Park.
Communities along tidewater zones—indigenous nations such as the Wampanoag, Powhatan Confederacy, Seminole, Gullah, Mi'kmaq, Haida, Tlingit, Maya, and Miskito—developed maritime cultures reflected in maritime industries tied to ports like Boston Harbor, New York Harbor, Baltimore Harbor, Newport News, Norfolk, Virginia, Savannah, Georgia, Charleston, South Carolina, New Orleans, Galveston, San Diego Bay, Los Angeles Harbor, Seattle Harbor, Port of Vancouver, Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Lisbon, Barcelona, Istanbul Bosporus, and Singapore Port. Historic events tied to tidewater dynamics include movements during the Age of Exploration, Atlantic slave trade, American Revolutionary War, American Civil War, Dunkirk evacuation, Normandy landings, and commercial developments during the Industrial Revolution. Cultural expressions appear in works by Herman Melville, Rachel Carson, Henry David Thoreau, Mark Twain, Edgar Allan Poe, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, John Steinbeck, and in films like Jaws, The Perfect Storm, All the President's Men, and Dead Poets Society.
Tidewater zones support biodiversity including migratory birds such as Red Knot, American Oystercatcher, Sandhill Crane, Piping Plover, Black Skimmer, Snowy Egret, and Great Blue Heron; fish species like Atlantic Menhaden, Striped Bass, Atlantic Salmon, Summer Flounder, Tarpon, Red Drum, Black Sea Bass, and European Eel; and invertebrates including Blue Crab, Dungeness Crab, Eastern Oyster, Pacific Oyster, American Lobster, Bay Scallop, Mud Crab, Green Sea Turtle, Hawksbill Sea Turtle, Leatherback Sea Turtle, Loggerhead Sea Turtle, Manatee, and Dolphin (Cetacea). Plant communities feature species such as Spartina alterniflora, Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Salicornia europaea, Nypa fruticans, Phragmites australis, Zostera marina, and Posidonia oceanica. Ecological studies reference frameworks from IUCN, Ramsar Convention, Convention on Biological Diversity, CITES, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, and researchers affiliated with Smithsonian Institution and Natural History Museum, London.
Tidal mechanics integrate gravitational forces from Moon, Sun, and rotational dynamics described since work by Isaac Newton and advanced through models at Pierre-Simon Laplace and George Darwin. Modern modeling uses tools developed by Harmonic analysis, Finite element method, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and software from NOAA Tides and Currents, Deltares, US Army Corps of Engineers, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Met Office, National Weather Service, JPL, MIT Sea Grant, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Phenomena include tidal ranges exemplified at Bay of Fundy, tidal bores like the Severn bore and Qiantang River bore, storm surge interactions seen during Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Sandy, Typhoon Haiyan, and resonance effects in basins such as San Francisco Bay and Bay of Fundy.
Human uses include navigation at ports like Port of New York and New Jersey, Port of Los Angeles, Port of Singapore, Port of Rotterdam, Port of Shanghai, Port of Antwerp-Bruges, Port of Hamburg, Port of Busan; fisheries regulated by agencies like NOAA Fisheries, European Fisheries Control Agency, Food and Agriculture Organization, Marine Stewardship Council; and urban planning in municipalities such as Norfolk, Virginia, Venice, Rotterdam, New Orleans, Bangkok, Jakarta, Mumbai, Lagos, Manila, Sydney, Auckland, Cape Town, and Tokyo. Infrastructure includes seawalls and levees influenced by projects like the Thames Barrier, Maeslantkering, Delta Works, Mississippi River and Tributaries Project, Venice MOSE Project, and managed by entities including US Army Corps of Engineers and Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management.
Conservation efforts involve organizations such as The Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund, National Audubon Society, Wildlife Conservation Society, Conservation International, Ramsar Convention Secretariat, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Natural England, Australian Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, and initiatives under UNESCO World Heritage and IUCN Red List. Threats include sea level rise projected by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, coastal erosion accelerated by Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy, pollution incidents like Deepwater Horizon oil spill and Exxon Valdez oil spill, invasive species exemplified by Zebra mussel and Caulerpa taxifolia, overfishing trends noted by FAO, and habitat conversion driven by developments in Shanghai, Dubai, Hong Kong, New York City, Miami, and Tokyo. Adaptive strategies reference Managed retreat, Living shorelines, Blue carbon, Ecosystem-based adaptation, Integrated Coastal Zone Management, and policy frameworks from Paris Agreement and national coastal legislation.
Category:Coastal geography