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| Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (China) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2016–2020) |
| Native name | 十三五规划 |
| Jurisdiction | People's Republic of China |
| Date adopted | March 2016 |
| Period | 2016–2020 |
| Approved by | National People's Congress |
| Premier | Li Keqiang |
| General secretary | Xi Jinping |
| Previous | Twelfth Five-Year Plan (China) |
| Next | Fourteenth Five-Year Plan (China) |
Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (China) was the national socioeconomic blueprint adopted by the National People's Congress in March 2016, setting development goals for 2016–2020 under the leadership of Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang. The plan emphasized innovation-driven growth, structural reform, ecological civilization, and opening to international trade and investment, reflecting guidance from bodies such as the State Council (PRC), the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and policy organs like the National Development and Reform Commission. It sought to respond to challenges highlighted by events such as the 2008 Global financial crisis aftermath, shifts in the World Trade Organization landscape, and trends identified by institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
The plan's formulation involved consultations among the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, the State Council (PRC), provincial governments including Guangdong, Shanghai, and Sichuan, and expert groups from universities such as Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Fudan University. Drafting drew on prior frameworks like the Twelfth Five-Year Plan (China), strategic doctrines including Made in China 2025, and international studies from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the Asian Development Bank. Key contributors included officials from the National Development and Reform Commission, advisers linked to the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs, and industry stakeholders from corporations such as Huawei, Alibaba Group, and China National Petroleum Corporation. Public consultations incorporated input from provincial congresses, think tanks like the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, and professional associations such as the China Federation of Industrial Economics.
The plan set macro targets including a medium-high growth trajectory linked to targets for GDP per capita comparable to benchmarks used by the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme. It outlined goals for innovation indicators tracked by the World Intellectual Property Organization, reduction of carbon intensity aligned with Paris Agreement principles, and structural rebalancing reflected in sectoral shifts between manufacturing hubs like Shenzhen and service centers such as Beijing and Shanghai. Social targets referenced demographic trends analyzed by the National Health Commission (PRC), the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and population policy adjustments following the Two-child policy (China). Infrastructure and connectivity targets invoked projects under the Belt and Road Initiative, aviation plans involving Air China, and port development at nodes like Shanghai Port.
Industrial policy measures emphasized upgrading manufacturing through initiatives akin to Made in China 2025, support for high-tech firms including Huawei, ZTE, and startups in incubators affiliated with Tsinghua University, and reforms to state-owned enterprises such as China National Petroleum Corporation and China State Construction Engineering. Financial sector reforms involved entities like the People's Bank of China, regulatory coordination with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, and attempts to manage shadow banking risks highlighted by observers at the International Monetary Fund and the Bank for International Settlements. Trade and investment policies referenced frameworks negotiated at the World Trade Organization, bilateral relations with trading partners such as the United States, European Union, and ASEAN, and initiatives to liberalize markets via pilot free-trade zones like Shanghai Free-Trade Zone.
Social policy under the plan included health-care reforms implemented with the National Health Commission (PRC) and local hospitals such as Peking Union Medical College Hospital, pension and employment measures coordinated with the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and educational investments involving Ministry of Education (PRC), Tsinghua University, and Peking University. Environmental priorities stressed air quality improvements in regions like the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, water management for the Yangtze River and Yellow River, and biodiversity protections aligned with agencies like the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (PRC) and international frameworks such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. Targets included reductions in coal consumption affecting companies like China Shenhua Energy and investments in renewable firms such as Goldwind and LONGi Green Energy Technology.
Implementation relied on the State Council (PRC), provincial governments in Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang, and central-local coordination through mechanisms like the Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission. Regulatory enforcement involved ministries including the Ministry of Finance (PRC), National Development and Reform Commission, and supervisory organs such as the National Audit Office (PRC). Performance assessment used indicators monitored by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, and accountability processes engaged bodies like the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and provincial party committees. Pilot programs ran in municipalities such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Chongqing to test market reforms and urbanization strategies championed by planners including officials connected to Li Keqiang and Wang Yang.
Assessments by domestic agencies like the National Bureau of Statistics of China and international organizations including the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank judged mixed outcomes: progress in innovation capacity signaled by patents recognized by the World Intellectual Property Organization, expansion of digital economy leaders such as Alibaba Group and Tencent, environmental improvements in urban air quality monitored by Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, and challenges in deleveraging state-owned enterprises like China Evergrande Group and controlling local government debt highlighted by analysts at the Bank for International Settlements and think tanks including the Brookings Institution and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
The plan influenced China's engagement in the Belt and Road Initiative and multilateral forums such as the G20. It shaped trade diplomacy with partners like the United States, European Union, Japan, and ASEAN and informed investment policies involving institutions such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development Bank. Cooperation on climate goals linked China to the Paris Agreement, bilateral environmental collaborations with countries like Germany and Australia, and technology cooperation and friction involving companies such as Huawei and policy debates in venues including the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Category:Five-year plans of China