Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020

Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020
Name	Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020
Adopted	2010
Adopted by	Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity
Location	Nagoya, Aichi
Status	Concluded

Contents

Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 is a ten-year international framework adopted at the Nagoya meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2010 that set global goals for Convention on Biological Diversity signatories, national agencies, and international organizations for biodiversity conservation, sustainable use, and benefit-sharing across sectors including United Nations Environment Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and United Nations Development Programme. The Plan established the Aichi Biodiversity Targets as actionable milestones to guide Parties such as Brazil, China, India, United States, and South Africa and to inform multilateral processes including the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Ramsar Convention, and the World Heritage Convention.

Background and development

The Plan originated from negotiations among Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity during sessions involving delegates from European Union, Japan, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Kenya, Indonesia, Russia, Norway, and representatives from intergovernmental bodies like the United Nations General Assembly, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services that sought coherence with instruments such as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, the Nagoya Protocol, the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2002–2010, and outcome documents from meetings of the G7‎ and the G20. Drafting drew on input from research institutions including the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the World Wide Fund for Nature, the Smithsonian Institution, and regional bodies like the European Commission and the African Union, culminating in adoption at the Tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties in Nagoya.

The Plan articulated twenty subtargets known collectively as the Aichi Biodiversity Targets to be achieved by 2020, addressing drivers such as habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, pollution, and climate change, and aligning with international agendas including the Sustainable Development Goals, the Millennium Development Goals, and commitments from forums like the Rio+20 Conference and the World Economic Forum. The Targets covered areas including protected areas, ecosystem restoration, sustainable fisheries under International Whaling Commission discussions, agricultural biodiversity relevant to International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, access and benefit-sharing under the Nagoya Protocol, and financing mechanisms involving the Global Environment Facility, the Green Climate Fund, and bilateral donors such as Germany, United Kingdom, France, and United States Agency for International Development.

Implementation relied on national biodiversity strategies and action plans prepared by Parties including Germany, Costa Rica, Peru, China, and India, often coordinated with regional commissions like the African Union and multilateral development banks such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Countries integrated Targets into sectoral policies in ministries comparable to Ministry of Environment (Japan), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (China), and agencies such as the United States Fish and Wildlife Service while partnering with non-state actors including Conservation International, The Nature Conservancy, BirdLife International, and indigenous organizations represented at forums like the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.

By 2020 the Plan produced mixed outcomes: expansion of protected areas in countries such as Bhutan, Colombia, Madagascar, and Australia contributed to progress on Targets related to coverage, while persistent shortfalls occurred in areas like species extinction rates reported by IUCN Red List and habitat degradation in regions including the Amazon Rainforest, Congo Basin, Indo-Burma, and Southeast Asian rain forests. Financial pledges from donors including European Commission, Japan International Cooperation Agency, and Global Environment Facility increased but fell short of estimates produced by Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, and assessments by United Nations Environment Programme and Convention on Biological Diversity indicated that most Parties would not fully meet all twenty Aichi Targets by 2020.

The Plan influenced the post-2020 global biodiversity framework negotiated among Parties including China, European Union, Brazil, South Africa, and Mexico and informed targets in instruments discussed at United Nations Biodiversity Conference sessions and integrated into the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework process alongside contributions from bodies such as Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, and multilateral financing institutions including the Global Environment Facility and Green Climate Fund. Its legacy is evident in sustained commitments from major actors like China, European Union, United States, and coalitions such as the High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People and in the proliferation of national and subnational initiatives informed by the Plan across networks including the Regional Seas Programme and the Bonn Challenge.