This article was accepted into the corpus but its outbound wikilinks were never NER-processed — typical at the deepest BFS hop or when the run's entity cap was reached. No expansion funnel to show.
| Spotted Redshank | |
|---|---|
| Name | Spotted Redshank |
| Status | LC |
| Status system | IUCN3.1 |
| Genus | Tringa |
| Species | erythropus |
| Authority | (Pallas, 1776) |
Spotted Redshank is a slender wader noted for contrasting summer plumage and loud calls, occurring across Eurasia and wintering in parts of Africa and southern Asia. It is recognized by long legs and a straight bill, and is included in long-term studies by organizations concerned with migratory birds. Ornithologists, conservationists and flyway researchers frequently reference this species in comparative works on shorebirds.
The adult shows dramatic seasonal variation, with breeding plumage almost black contrasted with white underparts in non-breeding months, and has long red legs and a straight bill similar to other Tringa species; field guides produced by institutions such as the British Trust for Ornithology and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds illustrate these features. Size and proportions compare with species covered in monographs from the British Ornithologists' Union and the American Ornithological Society, and diagnostic characters are discussed in regional handbooks like those from the British Museum (Natural History) and the Zoological Society of London. Illustrations in historic works by authors associated with the Linnean Society of London and plates published by the Natural History Museum, London are commonly cited by taxonomists and curators. Vocalizations are described in atlases produced by the European Bird Census Council and recordings archived by the Macaulay Library and the British Library sound collections.
The species breeds across northern parts of Fennoscandia and western Siberia and winters in coastal wetlands from West Africa to southern Asia, with important sites recorded by networks including the East Asian–Australasian Flyway Partnership and the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement. Key breeding areas have been the subject of surveys led by research teams from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and the University of Helsinki, while staging and wintering grounds are monitored by organizations such as the Wetlands International and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Habitats include freshwater marshes, flooded meadows, tundra pools and coastal estuaries documented in regional conservation plans for areas like the Wadden Sea, the Volga Delta, and the Sundarbans. Protected areas such as Doñana National Park, Kuyalnik Estuary, and Lagoons of Sakhalin have been highlighted in flyway assessments.
The species displays social and foraging behaviours recorded in comparative ethological studies from universities including the University of Cambridge, the University of Oxford, and the University of Groningen. Courtship and territoriality on breeding grounds have been observed during expeditions supported by the Finnish Museum of Natural History and the Swedish Ornithological Society. Predation pressures and nest success rates have been analyzed alongside predator communities including those studied by the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Parasite burdens and disease surveillance have been reported by public health and wildlife bodies such as the World Health Organization and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control when monitoring avian influenza and other zoonoses in migratory shorebirds.
Feeding ecology is characterized by invertebrate foraging in soft substrates, a topic covered in trophic studies produced by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and the British Ecological Society. Diet composition analyses are published by researchers affiliated with the Max Planck Society and universities including the University of Amsterdam and the University of Copenhagen, and are compared with diets of other waders in compendia from the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis. Stable isotope and pellet analyses used to reconstruct feeding patterns are techniques promoted by methodological guides from the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory.
Breeding phenology, clutch size and chick development have been studied in long-term monitoring projects coordinated by agencies such as the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Finnish Environment Institute. Nest site selection in peatland and tundra habitats is analyzed in reports produced by the IUCN and regional biodiversity programmes in Lapland and western Siberia. Banding and demographic work contributing to survival estimates have been carried out by national ringing schemes including the British Trust for Ornithology's ringing programme and the Norwegian Bird Ringing Centre.
Migratory routes and stopover ecology are central to flyway science promoted by the Convention on Migratory Species and the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds, with telemetry and ringing studies led by teams from the University of Groningen, the University of Antwerp, and the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Key stopover and wintering sites are included in flyway atlases published by the Ramsar Convention and monitored by NGOs such as BirdLife International and national partners including the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Société Nationale de Protection de la Nature.
Assessed as Least Concern on the global scale by assessments following criteria used by the IUCN and cited in conservation listings by bodies such as the European Environment Agency, the species nevertheless faces threats from habitat loss, climate change and disturbance noted in policy documents from the European Commission and conservation action plans coordinated with the Ramsar Convention and BirdLife International. Threat mitigation measures have been proposed in regional management plans developed by authorities including the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Norwegian Environment Agency, and the Ministry of Environment of the Russian Federation, and implemented at important sites such as the Wadden Sea and Doñana National Park.
Category:Tringa Category:Waders