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| Serviço Meteorológico Nacional (Brasil) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Serviço Meteorológico Nacional (Brasil) |
| Formed | 2023 |
| Predecessor | Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia |
| Jurisdiction | Brazil |
| Headquarters | Brasília |
Serviço Meteorológico Nacional (Brasil) is the national meteorological agency of Brazil responsible for atmospheric forecasting, climate monitoring, and hydrometeorological warnings. The agency succeeded the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia and operates within the administrative framework of federal institutions in Brasília, coordinating with regional authorities across Amazonas, São Paulo (state), Rio de Janeiro (state), and other federative units.
The roots of the modern agency trace to the 19th-century observatories established during the reign of Pedro II of Brazil and scientific expeditions linked to the Imperial Observatory of Rio de Janeiro, later evolving through organizations such as the Instituto de Meteorologia and the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. In the 20th century, collaboration with international bodies like the World Meteorological Organization, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts influenced modernization, data assimilation, and forecasting techniques. Institutional reforms responding to extreme events—floods in Rio de Janeiro (city), droughts in Northeast Region, Brazil, and the 2010s Amazon fires—led to the creation of a consolidated national service integrating functions from agencies such as the Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações and regional research centers affiliated with Universidade de São Paulo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and Embrapa.
The organizational model combines a central headquarters in Brasília with regional centers in metropolitan hubs like Belém, Manaus, Fortaleza, Salvador, and Porto Alegre. Governance involves interagency coordination with the Ministry of Infrastructure (Brazil), the Ministry of Environment (Brazil), and civil protection authorities such as the National Civil Defence and state-level secretariats. Scientific oversight draws on partnerships with academic institutions—including Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, and the Brazilian Academy of Sciences—and technical cooperation with international agencies like NASA and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Primary missions include delivery of short-term forecasts used by sectors such as aviation regulated by the National Civil Aviation Agency (Brazil), maritime operations coordinated with the Brazilian Navy, and agriculture supported by Ministry of Agrarian Development stakeholders and Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária do Brasil. The agency issues hydrometeorological warnings affecting urban management in São Paulo (city), flood mitigation in Recife, and wildfire alerts relevant to protected areas mandated by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. It maintains obligations under international frameworks such as the WMO Convention and contributes to multilateral climate initiatives like the Paris Agreement.
Products include synoptic forecasts, ensemble guidance, seasonal outlooks, and specialized services for aviation, marine, and agronomy—used by clients including LATAM Airlines, Petrobras, and the Confederação Nacional do Transporte. Public-facing outputs comprise daily forecasts for metropolitan regions (e.g., Belo Horizonte, Curitiba), severe weather bulletins for river basins such as the Amazon River and São Francisco River, and climate normals aligned with datasets from INMET predecessors. Research-derived products involve reanalysis datasets comparable to those produced by ECMWF and NOAA/NCEP and climate indicators informing policy dialogue in forums like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
Observation networks include automatic weather stations, Doppler radars deployed near urban centers like Rio de Janeiro (city), coastal tide gauges along the Atlantic Ocean littoral, and upper-air sounding sites co-located with meteorological aerodromes governed by the International Civil Aviation Organization. Data streams integrate satellite products from operators such as INPE and international satellites managed by EUMETSAT and NOAA, plus oceanographic inputs from Brazilian Navy Hydrographic Center. Computational infrastructure comprises high-performance computing clusters for numerical weather prediction, data centers connected to the Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa and cloud services used by partners like CPTEC.
Research programs span atmospheric dynamics, climate variability linked to phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation, hydrology of basins like the Paraná River, and aerosol–cloud interactions relevant to the Amazon rainforest fire regime. Cooperative projects engage universities (e.g., Universidade Federal do Ceará), research institutes including Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, and international laboratories at Met Office and CMA (China Meteorological Administration). The service contributes to capacity building via training with the World Meteorological Organization and scientific outputs published in journals such as Journal of Climate and Atmospheric Research.
Risk communication targets municipalities, emergency responders, and vulnerable communities affected by flooding in regions like Sul Region, Brazil and drought in the Semi-arid Region of Brazil, coordinating with humanitarian actors such as Civil Defence and development programs supported by World Bank initiatives. Outreach includes multi-channel dissemination through media partners (national broadcasters), mobile alerts integrated with municipal warning systems in Manaus and Fortaleza, and educational collaborations with institutions like the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics to improve resilience to extreme events. The agency's role in informing public policy and infrastructure planning intersects with urban agencies in São Paulo (city) and federal environmental planning bodies.
Category:Meteorology in Brazil