Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (Mexico)
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| Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (Mexico) | |
|---|---|
| Agency name | Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (Mexico) |
| Nativename | Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda |
| Formed | 1990s |
| Jurisdiction | Mexico |
| Headquarters | Mexico City |
| Parent agency | Federal Executive |
Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Vivienda (Mexico) is a federal cabinet-level institution in Mexico responsible for urban development and housing policy. The agency interfaces with state administrations such as Gobierno de la Ciudad de México and Gobierno del Estado de Jalisco, coordinates with multilateral organizations like the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo and Banco Mundial, and engages with Mexican legislatures including the Congreso de la Unión and the Cámara de Diputados. Its remit connects to federal secretariats such as the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, Secretaría de Desarrollo Agrario, Territorial y Urbano, and municipal authorities including the Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara and Ayuntamiento de Monterrey.
History
The institution evolved from earlier agencies created during the administration of Carlos Salinas de Gortari and subsequent cabinets including those of Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León and Vicente Fox Quesada. Its antecedents interacted with programs launched under presidents Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and Enrique Peña Nieto and were shaped by legal reforms passed by the Congreso de la Unión and debates in the Senado de la República. International influences included partnerships with the Organización de las Naciones Unidas agencies such as ONU-Hábitat and bilateral agreements with the Estados Unidos through institutions like the USAID. Major urban crises in municipalities like Nezahualcóyotl and Ecatepec de Morelos prompted cabinet-level consolidation and policy restructuring during the early 21st century.
Legal Framework and Functions
The Secretaría operates under statutory instruments enacted by the Poder Legislativo Federal and is guided by norms in the Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, sectoral laws debated in the Cámara de Senadores, and regulations issued by the Presidencia de la República. Its legal functions intersect with the Código Civil Federal for property regimes, the Ley Federal de Protección al Consumidor where consumer rights in housing finance arise, and fiscal rules supervised by the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público. It collaborates with judicial bodies such as the Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación on land-use disputes and interacts with financial regulators like the Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores for mortgage instruments.
Organizational Structure
The Secretariat's internal divisions mirror public administration models found in agencies like the Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes and include directorates for urban planning, housing finance, and legal affairs. Leadership appointments are made by the Presidente de México and confirmed through executive mechanisms present in cabinets under presidents such as Andrés Manuel López Obrador and predecessors. Regional coordination occurs via delegations that liaise with state secretariats including the Secretaría de Desarrollo Social in Veracruz and the Secretaría de Planeación in Nuevo León, while technical cooperation engages research centers like the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and universities such as the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Programs and Policy Initiatives
Programs reflect models used in international urban policy such as those from the Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo and include housing subsidy schemes comparable to initiatives by the Fondo Nacional de Habitaciones Populares and mortgage support mechanisms akin to those of the Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores. Policy initiatives address informal settlements in regions like Chiapas and Oaxaca, resilience to natural hazards after events like the Terremoto de 1985 and the Terremoto de 2017, and compact-city planning inspired by studies from the Banco Mundial and think tanks such as the Instituto Mexicano para la Competitividad.
Financing and Budget
Financing sources combine federal appropriations ratified by the Cámara de Diputados, transfers to state and municipal treasuries such as the Tesorería de la Federación, and leveraged credit from multilateral lenders including the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo and the Banco Mundial. The Secretariat designs instruments similar to those used by housing banks like the FOVISSSTE and coordinates with market actors including commercial banks such as BBVA México and Banorte. Fiscal oversight engages entities like the Auditoría Superior de la Federación and adheres to budgetary rules under the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público.
Major Projects and Impact
Major urban regeneration projects have targeted metropolitan regions such as the Valle de México, Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara, and Monterrey Metropolitan Area, and include transit-oriented developments akin to projects by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro and urban revitalization efforts comparable to work in Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México. The Secretariat's projects have influenced housing supply in municipalities like Tijuana, León, Guanajuato, and Puebla de Zaragoza and affected sectors involving construction firms such as Grupo Carso and infrastructure consortia that partner with development banks.
Criticisms and Controversies
The institution has faced critiques in debates in the Congreso de la Unión and media outlets regarding displacement in urban renewal projects in neighborhoods such as Colonia Doctores and La Merced, allegations examined by watchdogs like the Instituto Nacional de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información y Protección de Datos Personales, and litigation in tribunals including federal courts presided over by judges of the Poder Judicial de la Federación. Controversies have involved coordination disputes with state administrations in Baja California and allegations of procurement irregularities involving contractors scrutinized by the Auditoría Superior de la Federación and investigative journalism by outlets including Proceso and El Universal.