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| Saros cycle 145 | |
|---|---|
| Name | Saros cycle 145 |
| Type | Eclipse saros series |
| First | 1639 BCE? |
| Last | far future |
| Period | 18 years 11 days ~8 hours |
| Eclipses | 77 |
Saros cycle 145
Saros cycle 145 is an eclipse series that produces recurring solar eclipse events separated by a period of about 18 years, 11 days, and 8 hours; the series links specific astronomical observatory recordings, astronomer calculations, and notable observations across epochs. The cycle connects phenomena observed by figures such as Hipparchus, Ptolemy, Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and modern teams at institutions like the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, U.S. Naval Observatory, and European Space Agency. Its events have been recorded or predicted in archives of the Royal Astronomical Society, Smithsonian Institution, and national observatories in Paris Observatory, Mount Wilson Observatory, and Kodaikanal Observatory.
Saros cycle 145 belongs to the family of eclipse series cataloged in classical treatises and modern catalogs such as those produced by Edmond Halley, Simon Newcomb, and the NASA eclipse group; it comprises a sequence of eclipses that migrate in latitude and character as the series evolves. The sequence intersects observational histories tied to expeditions led by James Cook, Christopher Columbus, and nineteenth-century campaigns associated with Pierre Janssen and Joseph Norman Lockyer, while contemporary predictions rely on algorithms developed by Jean Meeus, Fred Espenak, and teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The series is related to eclipse prediction protocols preserved in the holdings of the Vatican Observatory, Harvard College Observatory, and other research centers.
The geometry of the series follows the interplay of the orbital elements of the Moon, Earth, and Sun and is governed by commensurabilities first analyzed by Aristarchus of Samos, refined by Claudius Ptolemy, and formalized in celestial mechanics by Isaac Newton and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Each successive eclipse in the series occurs one Saros period after its predecessor, shifting roughly 120° westward in longitude due to the extra ~8 hours; this nodal regression and perigee/apogee interaction is modeled using perturbation theories developed by Joseph-Louis Lagrange and Sofia Kovalevskaya-inspired numerical techniques implemented at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides. The series’ sun–moon–earth alignment moves through partial, total, hybrid, and annular geometries following secular variations documented in calculations by George Biddell Airy, William Rowan Hamilton, and modern ephemeris projects of National Aeronautics and Space Administration teams.
Several eclipses within the series have drawn scientific and public attention comparable to events observed during the careers of Albert Einstein, Arthur Eddington, and Eugene Shoemaker; expeditions for specific occurrences included groups from the Royal Society, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, and national scientific academies. Noteworthy events were observed in campaigns contemporaneous with voyages by Ferdinand Magellan-era navigators, nineteenth-century transit observations linked to Henry Draper, and twentieth-century solar studies tied to Hale Observatories. Modern totalities from the series were focal points for instrumentation at Mount Palomar Observatory, Kitt Peak National Observatory, and collaborations involving the International Astronomical Union.
Records of eclipses matching the cadence of the series appear in chronicles associated with imperial courts of Babylon, Achaemenid Empire, and Han dynasty astronomical bureaus, and later in medieval compilations preserved in the libraries of Bologna, Oxford University, and the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Renaissance and Early Modern observations were reported by astronomers linked to Medici patronage, the University of Padua, and royal observatories established by Charles II of England and Louis XIV. Archival plates, logbooks, and drawings from the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the archives at Uppsala University provide longitudinal datasets used by Simon Newcomb and later by E. Walter Maunder in reconstructing series timing.
Accurate prediction of the series’ occurrences depends on ephemerides developed by teams at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and historical almanacs such as the Nautical Almanac produced in collaboration with figures like Nevil Maskelyne and modern successors at the United States Naval Observatory. Computational frameworks draw upon work by Carl Friedrich Gauss, Adrien-Marie Legendre, and modern numerical integrators employed at CERN and high-performance centers like Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Modern eclipse catalogs integrate space-based observations from missions including SOHO, STEREO, and instruments on Hubble Space Telescope to refine timing and geometry against terrestrial datasets maintained by national academies.
Eclipses in the series influenced mythic and calendrical records across regions associated with Ancient Egypt, Mesoamerica, Ancient Greece, and Imperial China, entering chronicles maintained by courts in Rome, Constantinople, and the Abbasid Caliphate. Scientific impacts include tests of gravitational theory historically connected to experiments by Arthur Eddington and observational campaigns that advanced solar physics pursued by researchers at Caltech, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, and the National Solar Observatory. The events spurred collaborations crossing institutions such as the Royal Astronomical Society and educational outreach via museums like the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum and planetaria programs at the Griffith Observatory.
The series is contextualized among neighboring saros families cataloged by Edmond Halley-era compilers and later tabulated in works by George van den Bergh and contemporary databases maintained by NASA and the International Astronomical Union. Comparative studies reference series interactions similar to those explored in the histories of eclipse series tied to major expeditions by figures like Alexander von Humboldt and mapping efforts by Gerardus Mercator-era cartographers. Cross-referencing adjacent series informs long-term solar geometry analyses used by planetary scientists at Jet Propulsion Laboratory and climatologists examining solar forcing recorded in proxies curated by PAGES-affiliated research groups.
Category:Eclipse cycles