This article was accepted into the corpus but its outbound wikilinks were never NER-processed — typical at the deepest BFS hop or when the run's entity cap was reached. No expansion funnel to show.
| SH0ES project | |
|---|---|
| Name | SH0ES project |
| Leader | Adam Riess |
| Established | 2005 |
| Field | Observational cosmology |
| Keywords | Hubble constant, Cepheid variables, Type Ia supernovae, distance ladder |
SH0ES project The SH0ES project is a long-term observational program led by Adam Riess that measures the local expansion rate of the universe using classical distance indicators and supernovae. It connects work across facilities and collaborations including Hubble Space Telescope, Keck Observatory, Gemini Observatory, Large Magellanic Cloud, and research groups at Johns Hopkins University, Space Telescope Science Institute, and Carnegie Institution for Science. The project has had substantial influence on interpretations of results from Planck (spacecraft), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, and surveys such as Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
The SH0ES project emerged from efforts to refine distances via Cepheid variables and Type Ia supernovae to obtain a precise value of the Hubble constant, H0, coordinating observations with instruments like Advanced Camera for Surveys, Wide Field Camera 3, and telescopes at Mauna Kea Observatories. The project links historical work by Henrietta Swan Leavitt, Edwin Hubble, and Walter Baade to modern analyses involving teams from University of California, Santa Cruz, Rutgers University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and California Institute of Technology. Its published results interact with constraints from Lambda-CDM model, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and cosmic microwave background analyses by European Space Agency missions.
SH0ES combines period–luminosity relations for Cepheid variables, calibrated geometric distances from sources like NGC 4258, parallax measurements from Gaia (spacecraft), and standardized luminosities of Type Ia supernovae compiled from surveys such as Pan-STARRS and Dark Energy Survey. The workflow ties photometry from Hubble Space Telescope instruments to spectroscopic follow-up at Keck Observatory and imaging at Subaru Telescope and Very Large Telescope. Statistical models incorporate techniques from researchers associated with Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Princeton University, and Harvard University to account for metallicity effects, crowding, reddening from Large Magellanic Cloud, and selection biases known to teams at Carnegie Observatories and Yale University.
The project produced successive determinations of H0 with improving precision, reporting values in tension with cosmic microwave background inferences from Planck (spacecraft) and prior results from Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe. Key papers led by Adam Riess with collaborators including Lucas Macri, Sherry S. Wang, and Dmitry Makarov presented H0 estimates that catalyzed reexaminations by researchers at University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Kavli Institute for Cosmology, and Stanford University. The SH0ES results stimulated related analyses by teams at Flatiron Institute, Institute for Advanced Study, and IPMU.
SH0ES measurements have implications for parameters in Lambda-CDM model, potential extensions involving dark energy, neutrino physics, or extra relativistic species discussed at conferences like International Astronomical Union symposia. The apparent discrepancy between local H0 values and those inferred from Planck (spacecraft) prompted theoretical explorations by groups at CERN, Perimeter Institute, and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory into modifications such as early dark energy, interacting dark matter, and varying fundamental constants, with related work appearing in journals associated with American Physical Society and Royal Astronomical Society.
Critiques of SH0ES come from multiple teams including analysts using alternative distance anchors like Milky Way Cepheids with Gaia (spacecraft) parallaxes, and reanalyses by researchers at Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and University of Chicago. Debates focus on systematics involving crowding, photometric calibration tied to CALSPEC, metallicity dependencies first considered by Walter Baade, and the treatment of outliers in supernova samples curated by collaborations such as Supernova Cosmology Project and High-Z Supernova Search Team. Independent groups at University of Barcelona and Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge have proposed different statistical methodologies, while workshops at Kavli Institute for Cosmology and panels convened by National Academy of Sciences have discussed reconciliation strategies.
SH0ES has drawn funding and collaboration from institutions including Space Telescope Science Institute, National Science Foundation, NASA, European Southern Observatory, and grants involving Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and university partners such as Johns Hopkins University and University of Chicago. The project engages observers and analysts affiliated with Carnegie Institution for Science, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Yale University, University of California, Berkeley, and instrumentation teams at Ball Aerospace and Lockheed Martin.
The SH0ES legacy includes motivating enhanced distance-scale efforts using Gaia (spacecraft), extended Type Ia supernova samples from Large Synoptic Survey Telescope efforts and ongoing analyses by groups at Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Flatiron Institute, and Perimeter Institute. Continuing work by collaborators at Space Telescope Science Institute, Carnegie Observatories, Johns Hopkins University, and Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics aims to reduce remaining systematics and interface with future probes such as Euclid (spacecraft), Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and next-generation cosmic microwave background experiments by teams at Simons Observatory and CMB-S4. The debate spurred by SH0ES continues to shape research agendas across observational and theoretical communities including Institute for Advanced Study and CERN.
Category:Observational cosmology