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| SDSS J1029+2623 | |
|---|---|
| Name | SDSS J1029+2623 |
| Type | Gravitationally lensed quasar |
| Epoch | J2000 |
| Constell | Leo |
| Redshift source | 2.197 |
| Redshift lens | 0.58 |
| Discoverer | Sloan Digital Sky Survey |
| Discovered | 2006 |
SDSS J1029+2623 is a rare, wide-separation gravitationally lensed quasar first identified in imaging from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and later confirmed with follow-up from facilities such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Keck Observatory, and the Subaru Telescope. The system displays multiple bright quasar images produced by strong lensing from a foreground galaxy cluster, enabling studies that connect observational programs like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey surveys with theoretical efforts by groups at institutions such as the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe. Its combination of large image separation and observable time delays makes it a valuable probe for teams working on cosmological parameters at centers including the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and the Institute for Advanced Study.
The initial identification arose in data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey imaging pipeline, with candidate selection influenced by algorithms developed at the Apache Point Observatory and validation performed using spectroscopy at the Keck Observatory and imaging at the Subaru Telescope. Follow-up observations involved instruments aboard the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based adaptive optics systems used by groups from the University of Hawaii and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, with subsequent monitoring campaigns coordinated with teams at the European Southern Observatory and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. Multiwavelength coverage has included X-ray observations by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and radio mapping by arrays such as the Very Large Array, while photometric monitoring used facilities tied to the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network.
The configuration exhibits three bright quasar images arranged with an unusually wide maximum separation, a property that prompted comparisons with systems cataloged by collaborations at the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and investigated in lensing reviews from the Space Telescope Science Institute. Imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope resolved the quasar images and the surrounding arc-like features of the host galaxy, while optical spectra from the Keck Observatory confirmed identical emission-line redshifts consistent with multiple images of the same background source. Photometric variability has been tracked relative to standards used by the Pan-STARRS project and calibrated against photometric systems maintained by the European Southern Observatory and the Gaia mission.
The primary lensing deflector is a foreground galaxy cluster at intermediate redshift whose member galaxies were cataloged using techniques refined at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. X-ray imaging by the Chandra X-ray Observatory and optical spectroscopy from the Keck Observatory constrained the hot gas and galaxy velocity dispersion, respectively, informing mass maps constructed with software developed in collaborations involving the Princeton University and the University of Cambridge. Mass modeling revealed contributions from dark matter halos consistent with predictions from simulations at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology, and substructure effects were compared to satellite populations studied by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields teams.
Photometric monitoring campaigns led by groups at the Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii and the University of Tokyo measured time delays between images, using techniques parallel to those applied in programs at the Carnegie Institution for Science and the European Southern Observatory. Measured delays have been used to test methods promoted by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics and the Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge, while variability analyses referenced statistical frameworks developed at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and the University of California, Berkeley. Time-delay estimates have been cross-checked with independent pipelines maintained by teams at the University of Cambridge and the University of Bonn.
High-resolution spectroscopy obtained at the Keck Observatory and the Subaru Telescope shows broad emission lines typical of luminous quasars at redshift z≈2.197, with absorption features from intervening systems cataloged by surveys associated with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and analyzed with line-identification tools used by the Space Telescope Science Institute. Spectra of the lensing cluster members obtained at the Gemini Observatory and the W. M. Keck Observatory provided velocity dispersions and stellar-population constraints comparable to those studied by the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy and the European Southern Observatory. Metallicity and ionization diagnostics were interpreted within frameworks developed at the Carnegie Institution for Science and the University of Chicago.
Detailed lens models combined parametric and non-parametric approaches developed by groups at the Princeton University and the University of Cambridge, with comparisons to dark-matter-only and hydrodynamical simulations run at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. Monte Carlo and Markov Chain Monte Carlo tools implemented by teams at the California Institute of Technology and the Institute for Computational Cosmology were used to quantify uncertainties, while ray-tracing pipelines built at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe and the Flatiron Institute explored the impact of substructure and line-of-sight halos noted in studies by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Hubble Space Telescope lensing programs.
Because of its wide separation and measurable time delays, the system has been used by researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and the Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge to constrain the Hubble constant and test models of dark matter, in contexts shared with analyses from the Planck Collaboration and distance-scale work by the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. The system informs discussions at conferences held by the American Astronomical Society and collaborative projects coordinated through the International Astronomical Union, illustrating links between observational campaigns from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and theoretical predictions from the Millennium Simulation and other large-scale structure efforts.
Category:Gravitationally lensed quasars Category:Leo (constellation) Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2006