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| Regional Representative Council (Indonesia) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Regional Representative Council |
| Native name | Dewan Perwakilan Daerah |
| Formation | 2004 |
| Preceding | Regional Delegation (Broadly Reformed) |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Headquarters | Jakarta |
| Chief1 name | Speaker |
| Chief1 position | Speaker of the Regional Representative Council |
Regional Representative Council (Indonesia) The Regional Representative Council is a national legislative body established by the Amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia to represent the interests of provinces of Indonesia at the national level. Created alongside reforms following the fall of Suharto and the era of Reformasi (Indonesia), it functions within the bicameral legislature alongside the People's Representative Council and interacts with institutions such as the President of Indonesia, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia, and the Supreme Court of Indonesia.
The idea of a regional chamber traces to debates during the drafting of the Constitution of Indonesia (1945) and early post-independence arrangements under leaders like Sukarno and Suharto. After the 1998 resignation of Suharto and the onset of Reformasi (Indonesia), constitutional amendments in 1999–2002 led to the creation of a second chamber to address demands from regional elites in provinces including Aceh, Papua, and Yogyakarta Special Region. The first formal selection of members occurred in 2004, under laws passed by the People's Representative Council and the Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia), influenced by debates involving figures such as Amien Rais and institutions like the General Elections Commission (Indonesia).
The Council's mandate derives from the Constitution of Indonesia (1945) as amended, and is further specified in statutes including the Law on the Regional Representative Council. Its jurisdiction is defined in relation to legislative procedures in the People's Consultative Assembly, oversight mechanisms involving the Audit Board of Indonesia, and consultative roles with the Cabinet of Indonesia and the Attorney General of Indonesia. Judicial review by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia has clarified limits on its authority, particularly vis-à-vis bills originating in the People's Representative Council and presidential initiatives from the Office of the President of Indonesia.
The Council comprises representatives elected from each province of Indonesia, with a fixed number per province established by statute. Members are chosen in national elections administered by the General Elections Commission (Indonesia), often involving political actors from parties such as the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, the Golkar Party, the Gerindra Party, and the United Development Party. Eligibility and term limits are set by law and interact with proposals from regional governments, including provincial governors and local legislative bodies like the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). Notable electoral contests have involved personalities from provinces like West Java, East Java, Central Java, North Sumatra, and Banten.
Statutorily, the Council has powers to propose and review legislation on regional autonomy, relations between central government and regions, and fiscal arrangements involving the Ministry of Finance (Indonesia)]. It performs consultative functions for bills related to provincial matters and may deliver opinions to the People's Representative Council and the President of Indonesia. The Council also has roles in recommending nominations for offices such as the National Police Chief and participating in deliberations over appointments to bodies like the Bank Indonesia board or the Corruption Eradication Commission. Decisions regarding its advisory status have been adjudicated by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia and debated in hearings with the House of Representatives (Indonesia).
Internally, the Council organizes itself with a Speaker, deputy speakers, commissions, and secretariats. Leadership elections are conducted among members and interact with party politics involving figures connected to the People's Representative Council and provincial elites such as former governors and mayors from cities like Jakarta, Surabaya, and Medan. Administrative support comes from a Secretariat General and committees that coordinate with agencies like the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Indonesia) and the Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia).
Sessions of the Council follow parliamentary rules established in its bylaws and are scheduled in conjunction with sessions of the People's Consultative Assembly. Procedures include plenary meetings, committee hearings, and public consultations with stakeholders such as provincial administrations, civil society organizations including Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, and academic institutions like Universitas Indonesia and Gadjah Mada University. Sessions may be ordinary or extraordinary and are subject to electoral timetables set by the General Elections Commission (Indonesia).
The Council operates alongside the People's Representative Council within the People's Consultative Assembly, with delineated roles: the Council focuses on regional representation while the People's Representative Council handles broader legislative drafting and budgetary authority. Interaction includes joint sessions, consultation on regional legislation, and disagreements resolved through constitutional mechanisms involving the Constitutional Court of Indonesia or mediation by the President of Indonesia.
Scholars, activists, and political actors from groups such as the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation and think tanks like the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (Indonesia) have criticized the Council for limited legislative power, overlap with the People's Representative Council, and politicization by parties including Golkar and PDI-P. Reform proposals range from abolition to expanded authority, with suggestions presented in forums including the People's Consultative Assembly and policy studies at institutions like Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia and University of Indonesia. Debates often reference precedents from bicameral systems such as the Senate of the United States and the House of Lords while grounded in Indonesian constitutional practice shaped since Reformasi (Indonesia).
Category:Politics of Indonesia Category:Legislatures