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| Reggio Emilia (province) | |
|---|---|
| Name | Reggio Emilia |
| Settlement type | Province |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Emilia-Romagna |
| Capital | Reggio Emilia |
| Area total km2 | 2299 |
| Population total | 531000 |
| Population as of | 2020 |
| Population density km2 | auto |
| Timezone1 | Central European Time |
| Utc offset1 | +1 |
| Timezone1 DST | Central European Summer Time |
| Utc offset1 DST | +2 |
Reggio Emilia (province) is a province in northern Italy within the Emilia-Romagna region, centered on the city of Reggio Emilia. Located between the Po River plain and the Apennine Mountains, it is noted for agricultural production, automotive and ceramic industries, and cultural institutions linked to the Italian Renaissance and modern pedagogical movements. The province has been a crossroads for Roman roads, medieval communes, Napoleonic reorganization, and twentieth‑century industrialization.
The province occupies a section of the Po River basin bordered by the provinces of Parma, Modena, Bologna, and the region of Tuscany via the Apennine Mountains. Its landscape includes the alluvial plains of the Po Valley, the foothills near Appennine ridges, and river systems such as the Secchia and Enza River. Major municipalities include Scandiano, Castelnovo ne' Monti, Correggio, and Guastalla, while transportation corridors connect to Genoa, Milan, Venice, and Florence. Protected areas encompass sections of the Parco Regionale dei Boschi di Carrega and smaller regional reserves near Ventasso.
The territory was settled by Cenomani and later integrated into the Roman Republic as part of Regium Lepidi, with Roman infrastructure such as the Via Aemilia crossing the plain. Medieval history saw feudal contests among House of Este, Matilda of Tuscany, and communal institutions centered on Reggio nell'Emilia. The Renaissance and Baroque eras brought patronage from families linked to Papal States politics, while the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna reorganized territorial boundaries. In the nineteenth century the province participated in the Risorgimento and the Kingdom of Italy consolidation; twentieth‑century events included industrial expansion, involvement in World War II resistance movements linked to Italian Partisans, and postwar economic reconstruction tied to firms from Modena and Bologna.
Administratively the province functions under national frameworks established by the Constitution of Italy and subsequent regional statutes enacted by Emilia‑Romagna. Its capital, Reggio Emilia, hosts provincial offices and coordination with municipal councils of towns such as Albinea and Cadelbosco di Sopra. Judicial matters fall under the jurisdiction of courts connected to the Tribunale di Reggio Emilia and appellate processes to the Corte d'Appello di Bologna. The area interacts with national ministries in Rome and participates in interprovincial bodies with Parma and Modena for regional planning, environmental regulation under agencies linked to Ministero dell'Ambiente, and cultural initiatives with institutions like the Istituto per la Storia del Risorgimento Italiano.
Agriculture remains important, with production of Parmigiano-Reggiano, Prosciutto di Parma‑area connections, and cultivation of maize, sugar beet and pomace for Lambrusco and other wines marketed from Emilian viticulture. Manufacturing sectors include automotive suppliers tied to firms in Modena and Maranello (practices connected to Ferrari and Ducati supply chains), ceramic production linked to northern Italian ceramics networks, and machinery exported via ports such as Ravenna and Genoa. Small and medium enterprises based in Scandiano and Correggio contribute to cluster economies alongside logistics hubs on rail lines to Milano Centrale and highways to A1 Motorway corridors. Financial services are provided by banks descended from historical institutions in Reggio nell'Emilia and regional credit cooperatives.
The province's population is concentrated in urban centers—Reggio Emilia city, Scandiano, Correggio, Guastalla—with rural communities in the Apennines experiencing demographic aging similar to trends observed in Italy. Immigration from Romania, Albania, Morocco, and China has diversified municipalities and labor forces associated with manufacturing and agro‑processing. Religious landscapes include parishes of the Roman Catholic Church within the Diocese of Reggio Emilia‑Guastalla and communities attending services at churches such as Basilica della Ghiara; cultural demographics are documented by Istat censuses and regional statistical offices.
Cultural heritage includes architecture such as the Cathedral of Reggio Emilia, the Basilica della Ghiara, and palazzi inspired by Renaissance and Baroque designers. Museums include the Musei Civici di Reggio Emilia, collections tied to Antonio Allegri da Correggio and local artists, and modern institutions linked to pedagogical innovators like Loris Malaguzzi and the Reggio Emilia approach to early childhood education. Festivals and events involve the Palio di San Giovanni traditions, music promoted by ensembles linked to Teatro Municipale Romolo Valli, and literary circles referencing figures such as Giuseppe Mazzini and Carlo Marx‑era intellectual currents. Architectural and natural sites include the Parco del Popolo, medieval towers at Baiso, and viewpoints in Monte Cusna.
The province is served by railways on lines connecting Bologna–Milan and secondary routes to Pontremoli, with stations at Reggio Emilia AV Mediopadana (high‑speed services), Bibbiano, and Guastalla. Road networks include segments of the A1 motorway and state roads linking to Strada Statale 63 and Via Emilia. Freight movement uses intermodal terminals connected to the Port of Ravenna and Port of Genoa, while regional bus operators provide links to Parma and Modena. Utilities and energy projects coordinate with regional authorities and national grids managed by entities such as Terna (company), and health infrastructure includes hospitals like Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova and clinics affiliated with regional health authorities.
Category:Provinces of Italy Category:Geography of Emilia-Romagna